Ayrton Senna da Silva ( Brazilian Portuguese: Ã, [a'i? tÃÆ'Âμ 's? n? d? 'siwv?] Ã, ( listen ) ; 21 March 1960 - May 1, 1994) is a Brazilian rider who won three Formula One world championships for McLaren in 1988, 1990 and 1991, and is widely regarded as one of the greatest Formula One racers of all time. He died in an accident while leading the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix to Williams.
Senna started his motorsport career in karting, climbed into open-wheel racing in 1981, and won the 1983 Formula Three English Championship. He made his Formula One debut with Toleman-Hart in 1984, before moving to Lotus-Renault the following year and winning six Grands Prix over the next three seasons. In 1988, he joined Alain Prost from France at McLaren-Honda. Among them, they won all but one of the 16 Grand Prix that year, and Senna claimed his first World Championship. Prost claimed the championship in 1989, and Senna was the second and third championships in 1990 and 1991. In 1992, the Williams-Renault combination began to dominate Formula One. Senna still managed to finish the 1993 season as runner-up, winning five races and negotiating a move to Williams in 1994.
Senna is often chosen as the best and most influential Formula One racer of all time in various motorsport polls. He was recognized for his qualifying speed over one lap, and from 1989 to 2006 he held the record for most pole positions. He is also recognized for his wet looks, such as the 1984 Monaco Grand Prix, the 1985 Portuguese Grand Prix, and the 1993 European Grand Prix. He holds a record of six wins at the Monaco Grand Prix, and is the fifth most successful rider of all time in terms of race wins. Senna wooed controversy throughout his career, especially during his rivalry with Prost. In the Japanese Grands Prix of 1989 and 1990, each deciding that year's championship, the collision between Senna and Prost determined the eventual winner.
Video Ayrton Senna
Early life and career
Senna was born in Maternity Hospital Pro-Matre Santana, a neighborhood of SÃ <â € <â €
The house where Senna spent the first four years of his life was Neide's father, JoÃÆ'Â o Senna. It is located on the corner of Avenida Aviador Guilherme with Avenida Gil Santos Dumont, less than 100 meters from Campo de Marte, a large area where they operate Aeronautics Material park and airport. Senna is very athletic, proficient in gymnastics and other sports, and develops interest in car and motor racing at the age of four. He also suffered from poor motor coordination and difficulty climbing stairs at the age of three. The electroencephalogram (EEG) found that Senna did not suffer from a problem. Her parents gave Senna the nickname "Beco". At the age of seven, Senna first learned how to ride a Jeep around his family farm and benefited from replacing gears without using a clutch.
Senna attended Colegio Rio Branco in the neighborhood of Sao Paulo at HigienÃÆ'³polis and graduated in 1977 with a 5th grade in physics along with other grades in mathematics, chemistry, and English. He then enrolled at a college specialized in business administration, but broke up after three months. Overall, the values ​​reach up to 68%.
Senna's first card was built by his father using a small 1-HP lawn mower. Senna started the race at Interlagos and entered the karting competition at the age of 13. He started his first race in pole position, facing a rival a few years older than him; Nevertheless, he managed to lead most of the race before retiring after colliding with rivals. His father supported his son and Lucio Pascal Gascon soon managed his developing talent.
Senna went on to win the South American Kart Championship in 1977. He competed for the Karting World Championships every year from 1978 to 1982, finishing runners-up in 1979 and 1980. In 1978, he was teammate Terry Fullerton, from whom Senna will be What he feels is the most rivals he gets from the race as well because of the lack of money and politics at that level.
In 1981, Senna moved to England to start a single-seater race, winning the RAC and Townsend-Thoreson Formula Ford 1600 Championships that year with the Van Diemen team.
Even so, Senna initially did not believe he would continue on motorsport. At the end of the season, under pressure from his parents to take part in the family business, Senna announced his retirement from Formula Ford and returned to Brazil. Before leaving England, however, Senna was offered a trip with Formula Ford 2000 team for Ã, Â £ 10,000. Upon his return to Brazil, he decides to accept this offer and returns to live in England. Since da Silva was the most common Brazilian family name, he adopted his mother's maiden name, Senna. Senna went on to win the 1982 Formula Ford England and European championships in 1982. For that season, Senna arrived with sponsorship from Banerj and Pool.
In 1983, Senna drove in the British Formula Three Championships for the West Surrey Racing team. He dominated the first half of the season until Martin Brundle, driving the same car to Eddie Jordan Racing, closed the gap in the second part of the championship. Senna won the title in the final round after a fierce battle and, at times, a fierce battle with the British rider. In November of that year, Senna also won the inaugural Grand Prix of Formula 3 with Team Teddy Yip, Toyota Theodore Racing Team.
Maps Ayrton Senna
Career Formula One
Toleman (1984)
In 1983, Senna tested Formula One teams Williams, McLaren, Brabham, and Toleman. Peter Warr of Lotus, Ron Dennis of McLaren, and Bernie Ecclestone of Brabham made an offer for testing in 1984 and presented a long-term contract that Senna binds to driving in the future. During a test for Williams at 3,149-km (1,957-mi) of Donington Park circuit, Senna completed 40 laps and was faster than the other drivers, including world ruling Williams champion Keke Rosberg. Neither Williams nor McLaren had vacancies for the 1984 season. Both Williams boss Frank Williams and McLaren boss Ron Dennis noted that Senna insisted that he should run their car before anyone else (other than their regular driver like Rosberg) so he would have the best chance to show which is nice with having a fresh car.
Peter Warr actually wanted to replace Nigel Mansell with Senna in Lotus, but their British title sponsor Imperial Tobacco (John Player & Sons) wanted a British racer. Senna, however, is determined to push that season and of course in its own way. Senna's test for Brabham took place at Paul Ricard Circuit in November 1983, and he set the time lap two seconds slower than the team's main driver, Nelson Piquet, who allegedly gave Senna the nickname "taxi driver SÃÆ' Â £ o Paulo". Senna impresses the Brabham team and is associated with their second seat. However, the team's main sponsor, the Italian dairy company Parmalat, wants an Italian driver. The second car of Brabham was finally shared by Teo's brother and Corrado Fabi, while Piquet convinced Ecclestone to bring his friend Roberto Moreno as a test driver. As a result, he joined Toleman, a relatively new team, using a less competitive Pirelli tire. Venezuelan player Johnny Cecotto, former world champion of GP motor racing, is his team-mate. During 1984, Senna hired Nuno Cobra to assess his physical condition. Senna is worried about her condition because of her low weight.
Senna made his debut at the 1984 Brazil Grand Prix in Rio de Janeiro, where he qualified for the 17th, but had a dubious honor as his first retirement of the season when Hart 415T engine blew a turbo on lap 8. He scored his first World Championship point in the second race at the South African Grand Prix in Kyalami with severe muscle spasms, replicating the results two weeks later at the Belgian Grand Prix.
The combination of tire problems and fuel pressure problems resulted in a failure to qualify for the San Marino Grand Prix, the only time this has happened during his career. Toleman decided not to run both cars during Friday's qualifying at Imola due to a dispute with a Pirelli tire supplier (Toleman is in the process of switching from Pirelli to Michelin). Senna then experienced fuel pressure issues in a wet Saturday session at Tosa (the furthest point on the circuit of the pits) and did not have enough time to fix it to allow it to make the grid. Senna's best result of the season came at the Monaco Grand Prix, the first wet race of the season. With his 13th qualifying on the grid, he made steady progress in climbing through the pitch, passing Niki Lauda for second on lap 19. He quickly started cutting loopholes for leader Alain Prost, but before he could attack Prost, the race was halted on lap 31 for safety reasons, because the rain has grown even heavier. By the time the race is stopped, Senna captures Prost about 4 seconds per turn (while Tyrrell-Ford of Stefan Bellof captures both at the same level).
Famous throughout his career because of his capacity to provide very specific technical details about his car's performance and track conditions long before the advent of telemetry, these characteristics led Senna's first F1 race engineer Pat Symonds to look at the US Grand Prix in Dallas as the spotlight of Senna's debut season instead of Monaco is more popular, where Senna and Toleman scored their first podium. This is a reference to the following recollection given by Symonds in an interview in 2014, to mark the 20th anniversary of Senna's death:
The car was quite competitive there, so we expected to have a good race but Ayrton spun early in the race. He then found his way back through the field in a quite effective way and we looked for pretty good results but then he hit the wall, damaging the rear wheels and driveshaft and retiring, which was really embarrassing. The true meaning of that is when he goes back to the pit, he tells me what's going on and says, "I'm sure that the wall is moving!" and although I hear every reason ever made by every driver, I certainly have never heard of that one! But Ayrton is Ayrton, with his incredible confidence in himself, his absolute conviction, he then invites me to go with him, after the race, to see the place where he fell. And he's right, that's an amazing thing! Dallas became a street track circuit surrounded by concrete blocks and what happened - we could see it from tire signs - was that someone had hit at the end of the concrete block and that made it slightly spin, so leading the edge of the block it stood with a few millimeters. And he's driving with precision in such a way that a few millimeters is the difference between crashing into a wall and not crashing into a wall. When I was, at first, annoyed that we had retired from the race because of the driver's mistake, when I saw what happened, when I saw how he was driving, it increased my respect to that person quite a lot.
That season, Senna took two more podiums - third in the British and Portuguese Grand Prix - and placed 9th in the drivers' Championship with 13 points overall. He did not take part in the Italian Grand Prix after he was suspended by Toleman for breaking his contract by signing for Lotus for 1985 without informing the Toleman team first. Senna being the first Lotus signed driver was not personally chosen by team founder Colin Chapman, who died in 1982.
Senna also raced in two non-Formula one races in 1984: ADAC 1000-km NÃÆ'¼rburgring where, along with Henri Pescarolo and Stefan Johansson, he rode the Porsche 956 Joest Racing to finish 8, as well as the exhibition race. to celebrate the opening of a new NÃÆ'¼rburgring before the European Grand Prix. Specifically, this race involved some of the previous Formula 1 racers, including Stirling Moss and the latest World Champion Jack Brabham, Denny Hulme and Alan Jones, who drove an identical 2.3-16 Mercedes 190E sports car. Alain Prost started from pole position, but Senna took the lead on the first lap of the first lap, ahead of Niki Lauda and Carlos Reutemann. After the race, Senna was quoted as saying, "Now I know I can do it." Senna is a last-minute inclusion in the Mercedes race, taking over from Emerson Fittipaldi.
1985 Senna partnered in his first year at Lotus-Renault by Italian Elio de Angelis. In the second round of the season, the Portuguese Grand Prix, Senna took the first pole position of his Formula 1 career. He turned it into his first win in the race, which was held in very wet conditions, winning over a minute from Michele Alboreto and licking everyone up to and including Patrick Tambay who finished third. The race was Senna's first Grand Slam career, as he also set the fastest lap of the race.
He will not finish at points again until coming second in the Austrian Grand Prix, despite taking the pole three more times in the intervening period. (His determination to take over at the Monaco Grand Prix has upset Alboreto and Niki Lauda; Senna has set the time sooner ahead and is accused of deliberately blocking other drivers by running over the required laps, a charge he rejected, although the allegations will continue in Canada when the racer accused him of running on the racecourse when in his slow lap forced others in qualifying to move lanes and lose time). Two more podiums followed in the Netherlands and Italy, before Senna added his second win, again in wet conditions, at the Spa-Francorchamps circuit in Belgium. Senna's relationship with De Angelis worsened during the season, as both drivers demanded the highest driver status in Lotus and, after spending six years on the team, De Angelis left for Brabham at the end of the year, convinced that Lotus became the focus around Brazil. Senna and De Angelis finish the 4th and 5th seasons respectively in the drivers' ranks, separated by five points in a fast 97T but unreliable. However, in terms of qualification, Senna began to establish itself as the fastest on the field: the counting of seven poles in that season was far more than any other racer (Renault's V6 engine reportedly produced over 1,000 Ã, bhp (746 kW; 1.014Ã,§ PS) ).
- 1986
De Angelis was replaced in Lotus by Johnny Dumfries of Scotland after Senna vetoed Derek Warwick from joining the team, saying that Lotus could not run a competitive car for two top riders at the same time. Senna allegedly encouraged his former flatmate and fellow Brazilian MaurÃÆ'cio Gugelmin to join the team as the pure number two driver, but the main sponsor of John Player & amp; Sons (JPS) insisted on a British driver who led to the signing of Dumfries. Senna later admitted "It was bad, bad, until then I had a good relationship with Derek." Senna started the season well, came second in Brazil behind Williams-Honda Nelson Piquet, and won the Spanish Grand Prix with just 0.014 of Piquet's Nigerian team-mate Nigel Mansell at one of the closest endings in Formula One history to find himself leading the world's Championship after two races. However, the poor reliability, especially in the second half of the season, saw him drift behind the Williams pair of Mansell and Piquet, as well as defending and the eventual champion, Alain Prost. Nevertheless, Senna once again qualified top with eight poles, with six further podiums including another win at the Detroit Grand Prix, thus finishing fourth season in the drivers' standings again, for a total of 55 points.
After winning the Detroit Grand Prix - which occurred one day after Brazil was eliminated from the 1986 FIFA World Cup - Senna asked for a track supporter for the Brazilian flag and he drove a lap waving it. After that, he repeats this ritual every time he wins the race. Senna also made a brief attack on the spot where he tried Vauxhall Nova, MG Metro 6R4, Ford Sierra RS Cosworth and Ford Escort on a stretch of land that was closed to the public.
- 1987
The Lotus team had a new engine contract in 1987, running the same turbocharged Honda V6 engine that Williams used to win the Constructors' Championship last year, and with them appeared a new team mate, the 34-year-old Japanese rider Satoru Nakajima. The team secured Senna a preferential treatment contract over Nakajima in equipment allocation. Senna started the season with mixed luck: the podium at the San Marino Grand Prix was muffled by controversy at the race at Spa-Francorchamps, where he collided with Mansell, and afterwards in the hole an angry Englishman grabbed Senna in the throat and had to be controlled by a mechanic Lotus. Senna then won two consecutive races, which helped him lead in the World Championships: the next Monaco Grand Prix (the first of his six wins in the Kingdom) and Detroit Grand Prix, his second victory in two years on the Michigan street circuit and the first for F1 suspension cars active. However, as the championship became clearer, the Williams cars had an edge over the rest of the field, the gap between Honda's most vividly-engined teams in the British Grand Prix, where Mansell and Piquet won Lotuses of Senna. and Nakajima who each finished the 3rd and 4th. Senna became dissatisfied with his chances at Lotus and at Monza it was announced that he would join McLaren for 1988. Senna finished the season strongly, coming second in the last two races in Japan and Australia, but post-race scrutineering in the final race found the brake duct The Lotus is wider than permitted by the rules and he is disqualified, bringing his last season and the most successful with Lotus to a sad end. Senna is classified third in the final standings, with 57 points, with six podiums and just one pole position. This season marked a turning point in Senna's career because, throughout the year, he built deep relationships with Honda, which would have great results, as McLaren had gotten the supply of Honda Williams V6 engines for 1988.
McLaren (1988-1993)
1988
In 1988, due to the relationship he built with Honda during the 1987 season with Lotus, and with the approval of McLaren's number one driver and double world champion Alain Prost, Senna joined the McLaren team. The foundation for the fierce competition between Senna and Prost was held, culminating in a number of dramatic racial incidents between the two over the next five years. However, experienced couples also quickly realized, regardless of their personal rivalry, they had to work together, especially in testing, to stay ahead of their main opposition from Ferrari, Williams, Benetton, Lotus, and March.
One of the most important events of the year was at the Monaco Grand Prix, where Senna made Prost with the best quality of 1.4 seconds and led most of the race before falling in round 67. Instead of returning to the pit lane, Senna returned to his apartment and did not call team up until he gets into the pit garage as they pack up tonight. Since the television cameras did not catch the accident, team boss Ron Dennis did not know what caused his DNF until then, although Prost speculated that judging from the tire marks, it looks as though Senna has cut the barrier inside in Portiers, which pitched him to the fence outside guard. At the 1988 Portuguese Grand Prix, Prost made a slightly faster start than Senna, but the Brazilian plunged into the first corner ahead. Prost responded and went to Senna's pass at the end of the first lap. Senna swerved to block Prost, forcing France to almost run to the pit wall at 290Ã, km/h (180 mph). Prost continued to stand and immediately took Senna to the first corner and began to pull away. Although Prost is furious with Senna's maneuver, the Brazilian has escaped with a warning from the FIA. In the postrace team debate, Prost voiced his anger at the move that prompted Senna to apologize to Prost for the incident. In the end, the pair won 15 of 16 races at McLaren MP4/4 in 1988 with Senna out as the winner, winning his first Formula One world title by winning eight wins to seven Prost wins. Prost scored more points throughout the season, but had to go down three second places as only 11 best scores were counted.
However, this year's biggest incident occurred at the Italian Grand Prix at Monza. With two laps remaining, Senna leads five seconds ahead of Ferrari from Gerhard Berger and Michele Alboreto, who approached McLaren (Prost previously retired with a very broken machine). Go to Rettifilo Chicane, Senna closes Williams from Jean-Louis Schlesser (stands for ailing Nigel Mansell). Schlesser drove wide, trying to make room for Senna to drop him, defeat and regain control to avoid getting into the sand trap. Unfortunately, Senna did not give Williams space and took the normal racing line. Furthermore, McLaren Senna is T-boned and ends up stranded on the roadside with a damaged rear suspension. Ferrari will go to an emotional 1-2 finish, the first in the Italian Grand Prix since the death of founder of the Enzo Ferrari team. It will prove to be the only McLaren race that did not win in 1988.
During the season, Senna rewrote the record books. His eight wins beat the old seven-time record held by Jim Clark (1963) and Prost (1984). 13 pole positionnya also beat the record nine held by Nelson Piquet (1984).
1989
The following year, the rivalry between Senna and Prost increased to many battles in psychological trajectories and wars. Tensions and distrust between the two drivers increased when Senna took over Prost at the turn of the San Marino Grand Prix, a move that Prost claimed violated a pre-chase deal (Senna denied any deal, although Prost's story was backed by John Hogan of the team's main sponsor, Marlboro). Senna leads first in the championship with victories in San Marino, Monaco, and Mexico. Senna also achieved the lead achievement of every lap of unequal races until Sebastian Vettel in 2012. Senna also managed to win in Germany, Belgium and Spain. However, unreliable in Phoenix, Canada, France, England, and Italy, along with collisions in Brazil and Portugal, swung the title for the good of Prost.
Prost clinched the 1989 world title after a collision with Senna at the Suzuka Circuit in Japan, the last race of the season, which Senna had to win to keep competing for the title. Prost managed to leave the network faster than Senna by removing the flap gurney from his car, which was unbeknownst to Senna. This aerodynamic downforce reduction makes the Prost car faster on a straight line, but slower through corners - a smart choice to make it more difficult for Senna to continue the already difficult to navigate circuit. On lap 46, Senna finally comes next to Prost and tries the bait on the back on the last chicane. Prost turns right to the next corner, cuts Senna and spins the wheel with him. The collision caused both McLaren to shift silent to the exit in front. Prost left the race at the time, while Senna urged the marshals to start, which he received, then continued the race after the pit stop to replace the damaged nose in his car. He led from Benetton's Alessandro Nannini and went on to claim victory, only to be disqualified after a maid meeting after the race. Senna was disqualified for receiving push start, chicane cutting after a crash with Prost, and for crossing into a pit track entry that was not part of the track. A large and temporary suspension of his FIA Super License followed in the winter of 1989, and an angry Senna was involved in a war of words with the FIA ​​and then president, Jean-Marie Balestre, whom he blamed for disqualification in Japan. Senna claimed that Balestre had forced the horsemen to disqualify him so that his compatriot, French, Prost could win the championship, although the board members denied that Balestre imposed their decision, claiming he was absent when the decision was made. Senna finished the second season with six wins and one second place. Prost left McLaren for Ferrari rivals for the next year.
1990
In 1990, Senna led the championship with six wins, two second places, and three thirds. With Prost going to Ferrari, he also has a new teammate in the Austrian driver Gerhard Berger. Among his wins was the opening round at Phoenix, where he was casted to lead for a few laps with unknown Jean Alesi before coming out on top, and in Germany, where he fought Benetton rider Alessandro Nannini throughout the race to win. When the season reached the final quarter, Alain Prost at his Ferrari rose to the challenge with five wins, including an important win in Spain where he and team-mate Nigel Mansell completed 1-2 for the Scuderia. Senna has come out with a broken radiator, and the gap between Senna and Prost is now reduced to 9 points with two races remaining.
In the second round of the last championship in Japan at Suzuka, where Senna and Prost collided the previous year, Senna took poles ahead of Prost. Before qualifying, Senna had sought assurances from the organizers to move the left pole position to the clean side of the racetrack. After qualifying, FIA president Balestre rejected Senna's request, leaving Senna to start on the dirty right side, thus supporting Prost on the left side. Also, as F1 reporter Maurice Hamilton pointed out, the FIA ​​has warned that crossing the yellow line from the exit of the hole on the right for a better position of self in the first corner would not be appropriate, the more annoying Senna. At the start of the race, Prost stopped in front of Senna, who immediately tried to pay Prost at the first corner. When Prost entered, Senna continued to step on the accelerator and the car collided at 270 km/h (170 mph) and spun out of the race, making the world champion Senna.
After a collision that decided the second championship in two years, Jackie Stewart interviewed Senna at the 1990 Australian Grand Prix (where Senna won the pole and led 61 laps before the gearbox problem forced her to slide into the tire barrier) and lifted a number of controversial collisions in which Senna was involved during in recent years, stated that Senna has made more contact with cars and other drivers in the last four years than all previous champions. Annoyed Senna questioned how a person like Stewart, himself a three-world champion, can ask questions as he does, knowing the pressure at which the driver drove.
A year later, after taking his third world championship, Senna explained to the press his actions from the previous year at Suzuka. He maintained that before the fastest qualification, he had sought and received assurances from racing officials that the pole position would be changed to the left side, the clean side of the track (where the racing line), only to find this decision reversed by Jean-Marie Balestre after he took pole. Senna said that he would not accept what he regarded as unfair decision making by Balestre, including the 1989 disqualification and incorrect polar position in 1990 (although some in the F1 paddock noted that the pole position at Suzuka was actually the same side of the track since F1 returned to Japan in 1987, and many people wondered why Senna suddenly fussed over him, considering he was at the pole there in 1988 and 1989, when he also fought against Prost for the championship). Senna states that no matter what happens, he will not produce a corner kick and that Prost taking a normal racing line will lead to an accident. Prost will then go on to record Senna's actions as "disgusting", saying that he is seriously considering retiring from the sport after the incident.
1991
In 1991, Senna became the youngest three-times world champion, winning seven wins and raising his pole position to 60 of 127 events. Prost, because of the performance degradation at Ferrari, the people who litter the history of the team, are no longer serious competitors. In pre-season testing, Senna made a public alarm about the competitiveness of the car with the new Honda V12, stating that the engine was not as strong as the V10 of the previous year. Senna won the first four races as his rivals struggled to match his speed and reliability. In the middle of the season, Nigel Mansell at Williams-Renault is able to face the challenge. Before the Mexican Grand Prix, Senna was injured in a jet-ski accident near SÃÆ'Â £ Paulo where he needed stitches in the back of his head. During qualifying for the Grand Prix, he tries to take a 180 degree angle of Peraltada (the fastest corner of the Mexico City circuit) faster than usual, ending with a spin out of the track and rolling over the car after crashing through a tire barrier. At the British Grand Prix at Silverstone, Senna's car stalled in the last round, but he was not left on the circuit, as the winner of the Mansell race pulled up in the parade and allowed the Brazilian rider to board the Williams-back pit. During the Spanish Grand Prix, Senna and Mansell wheel-to-wheel with just a few centimeters to spare, at over 320 km/h (200 mph) below the main straight, the race ultimately won by England.
Despite Senna's consistency, the competitiveness of Williams's car and unemployment early in the season gave it an early advantage, Senna insisted that Honda improve their engine development program and demand further improvements to the car before it was too late. This modification allowed him to make the push at the end of the season, and he won three more races to secure the championship, which was settled in Japan when Mansell (who had to win), went on the first corner while running third and looked at his Williams. in a gravel trap. Senna finished second, handing victory to team-mate Gerhard Berger at the last corner as a token of thanks for his support during the season. Senna plans to move to the Williams team for the 1992 season, but Honda CEO Nobuhiko Kawamoto personally requested that he stay at McLaren-Honda, which Senna is out of loyalty.
That year, as happened in 1988 and 1990, Senna won the prestigious "International Racing Driver Award" given by the British magazine Autosport every year. The award was presented by Stirling Moss and Senna interviewed on stage by Formula 1 commentator Murray Walker. During the interview, Senna asserted that during the Gala Internationale du Sport Automobile (FISA) dinner in Paris the day before, under the auspices of Jackie Stewart, Senna had given one of his helmets to his famous enemy Jean-Marie Balestre because of the sincere atmosphere that came with itself.
1992
In 1992, Senna's determination to win manifested itself in disappointment because of McLaren's inability to challenge the FW14B car that conquered Williams. McLaren's new car for the season has several drawbacks. The delay occurred in getting the new model running (it debuted in the third race of the season, the Brazilian Grand Prix) and in addition to the less active suspension, the new car suffered reliability problems and was unpredictable at fast corners, while the Honda V12 engine was no longer the most powerful in circuit. During practice for the season's second race in Mexico on the Senna circuit is very critical, his car hit a lump causing loss of downforce and a hard collision into the concrete retaining wall. He must be removed from the car by a circuit doctor; although he drove the next day, despite retreat from the race due to the failure of the gearbox. Senna scored the winning goal in Monaco, Hungary, and Italy that year. During qualifying for the Belgian Grand Prix, the French racer Comas fell hard and Senna was the first person to arrive at the scene. He got out of his car and ran across the track to help the Frenchman, ignoring his own safety in an effort to help his fellow drivers. He then went to visit Comas at the hospital. His actions won universal praise from the people in Formula One and seemed to soften his hard image. Senna finished fourth overall in the championship, behind duo Williams Mansell and Riccardo Patrese, and Benetton Michael Schumacher.
Senna's relationship with Schumacher has deteriorated throughout 1992. At the Brazilian Grand Prix, Schumacher accused Senna of 'playing' while trying to overtake Senna, who has a problem with his engine. At the French Grand Prix, Schumacher collided with Senna, resulting in Senna's retirement. Senna was then confronted with Schumacher, who claimed responsibility for the accident. At the test session for the German Grand Prix, Senna and Schumacher had a confrontation in the pits, with Senna grabbing Schumacher's collar and accusing him of harming him by blocking him on the track.
The question of Senna's intentions for the upcoming 1993 season lingered throughout 1992, as he had no contract with any team by the end of the year. Ferrari offered him a contract that Senna discussed with Niki Lauda, ​​but decided to refuse the offer. He feels McLaren's car is becoming less competitive than in previous years, especially given Honda's decision to leave the sport at the end of 1992 and McLaren's lack of active suspension related to Williams's rivals.
Given this scenario, Senna secures an IndyCar testing session with support from the driver's konpatriot and Penske, Emerson Fittipaldi. In December 1992, in fact, Senna visited Firebird International Raceway in Chandler, Arizona, to test the 1992 Penske PC-21 racer. Unlike the more advanced F1 cars, the IndyCar is powered by a Chevrolet-Ilmor V8 turbo, has traditional transmission with clutch pedals and an iron brake, and is definitely heavier because of its larger physical size compared to smaller Formula One cars. To get used, Senna initially ran a relatively slow 14 laps before finishing the next 10 laps on the same tire and set a best time of 49.09 seconds. By comparison, Fittipaldi had set a best time of 49.70 seconds, which was later upgraded to 48.5 seconds, using only the new 1993 Penske PC-22 at its disposal during this test session.
1993
For 1993, an attempt by McLaren boss Ron Dennis to secure a dominant Renault V10 engine supply failed. Similarly, Senna's bid to drive for Williams-Renault for free also failed, given that Alain Prost (who returned to sport after a sabbatical year) managed to get the inclusion of a clause in his contract with Williams vetoing Senna from joining as a teammate. Faced with this, during a press conference at the season-opening test session at the Estoril Circuit in Portugal, an angry Senna named Prost as a coward, leading some commentators to state that what Prost did was no different from Senna vetoeing Derek Warwick from joining Lotus on year 1986.
At this time, McLaren was forced to take the customer's supply from the Ford V8 engine, which is the two specifications behind that Ford and then the factory team, Benetton. McLaren hopes to redeem lower horsepower with mechanical sophistication, including an effective active suspension system - although the system itself is sometimes difficult, especially for new team mate Michael Andretti. With this plan, Dennis finally persuaded Senna to stay with McLaren. The Brazilian, however, agrees to do so only for the first race in South Africa, where he will assess whether McLaren's equipment is competitive enough for him to enter a good season. After driving a McLaren 1993, McLaren MP4/8, Senna concluded that the new car had a staggering potential, albeit with a Ford V8 engine that uses power relative to the Renault V10 from Prost. Senna thereby extending his deal with McLaren on a race-by-race basis, rather than a full-year contract, ended up fixed for the whole of 1993 in any event. Reportedly, this engagement is $ 1 million per race base and, although midseason testing with Lamborghini V12 proved to be encouraging, with McLaren then signing up a machine supply deal with Peugeot for the 1994 season, it all proved insufficient to continue maintaining Senna 1993.
In the opening game in South Africa, Senna took second place after surviving a collision with Schumacher. Senna won in changing conditions in Brazil and Donington. The latter is often regarded as one of Senna's greatest victories, in the process of setting a record for the fastest lap in the F1 race driving through unlimited pit lanes. He finished fifth in the first corner and led the race at the end of the first lap to laps all over except in second place in the race where up to seven pit stops are needed by some riders for rain or slick tires. Senna then scored second in Spain and broke the record sixth victory in Monaco. After Monaco, the sixth race of the season, Senna unexpectedly led the championship from Prost at Williams-Renault. As the season progressed, Alain Prost and Damon Hill confirmed the superiority of their Williams-Renault cars, while Senna suffered mechanical failure at Imola, Canada, England, Hungary and Portugal. Senna won his last second race of the season in Japan, which was marked by an incident involving newcomer Jordan, Eddie Irvine, twice breaking away against Senna. Immediately after the race, Senna attends in Jordan's garage and, after a long and heated discussion, punches the Irishman's face.
This season ends in Australia, with what will be Senna's and F1's last 41st victory, as well as the final victory for the F1 car of active suspension (ironically, 1987 had the first win for the cars also in Senna's hands in Monaco). The victory in Adelaide was emotional as Senna ended a successful career with McLaren and defeated his greatest rival, Prost, for the last time. Due to France's imminent retirement from sport, Senna shocked the F1 community by publicly welcoming Prost on the podium, which many regarded as a sign of peace between the duo. Overall, Senna finished the second championship to Prost.
During Tina Turner's after-race concert in Adelaide, Senna surprised everyone, including Turner, when he appeared onstage in the middle of the night. With the audience cheers, Turner admitted that he was a fan of the Brazilian and replied to his hit "The Best" in recognition of Senna and his victory at the Australian Grand Prix the previous day. Williams Williams (1994)
WilliamsFor 1994, Senna was finally able to join the Williams team considering his retirement Prost and reportedly paid a salary of $ 20 million. With Prost's retirement at the end of 1993, and Williams's lack of defending consequences for the World Champion brought the number 1 race for the second year running, Senna will race in 1994 with number 2 and his team mate Damon Hill will race with number 0 for the second year in consecutive -raw.
The change of rules for 1994 has banned active suspension, traction control, and ABS. During pre-season testing, the new Williams FW16 car showed no superior FW15C and FW14B cars that preceded it, and Senna found himself in close proximity to Benetton B194 from Schumacher. Senna expressed his discomfort with the handling of his car, stating, "I have a very negative feeling about driving a car and driving it on the limit and so on... Some of it is due to the lack of electronic changes, and the car has its own characteristics that I have not fully believed." Senna further added, "It will be a season with many accidents, and I would risk saying that we would be lucky if something really serious did not happen."
The first race of the season was at Interlagos in Brazil, where Senna took the lead. He leads first, but Schumacher Benetton is never far behind. Schumacher led the race well after passing Senna in the pits. While trying to win, he pushed too hard and turned the car out of JunÃÆ'§ÃÆ' o o on lap 56, stalling and retreating from the race. The second race is the Pacific Grand Prix at Aida, where Senna once again puts the car at the stake. However, after being beaten in the first corner by Schumacher who qualified for the second round, he was hit from behind at the first corner by Mika HÃÆ'¤kkinen and his race reached the definitive end when, as it spun back into the pebble trap at the first corner, Ferrari was propelled by Nicola Larini T - Claimed the Williams. Both drivers retire with front suspension damage. Hill also retired with the transmission problem, while Schumacher took another win.
It was the worst start for Senna for Formula One season, failing to finish or score points in the first two races, despite taking the lead two times. Schumacher leads Senna in the Drivers' Championship with 20 points. On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of Senna's death, Ferrari President Luca Cordero at Montezemolo revealed that, on April 27, 1994, he had held discussions at his home in Bologna with Senna about Ferrari's future engagement.
Season and ending controversy
The 1994 season was subject to sweeping rule changes, particularly banning the use of electronic "tools" such as active suspension, anti-lock brakes, traction control, and launch controls. From the start, the suspicion of playing dirty mainly involving the Benetton team is said to have made Senna distracted. For example, instead of returning to the pit area after his first round retirement in the Pacific Grand Prix, Senna chose to stand near the first corner and watch the car finish the race to see if he could detect whether the traction control system banned now is in use. He returned to the Williams box after a suspicious race that the Benetton car was illegal. Indeed, in an interview for the 20th anniversary of Ayrton Senna's death, his teammate, Damon Hill, revealed that Senna had "concluded that there is, what he considers, the unusual sound of the machine" with "special tweaks" giving Benetton an advantage.
The season ends at the Australian Grand Prix in Adelaide, where the first chicane bend in Adelaide Street Circuit is renamed "Senna Chicane". Schumacher went on to win the controversial world champion title after a collision that forced him to retire and that of his rival, and Senna's teammate, Damon Hill. At the official FIA conference after the race, Germany dedicated his title to Senna.
src: www.tagheuer.com
Death
Senna died at the age of 34 after he died of a fatal wound he suffered during his final race at the San Marino Grand Prix, on May 1, 1994.
Racing crash
The 1994 San Marino Grand Prix was held at the circuit "Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari" located in Imola, Italy, between April 28, and May 1, 1994. Senna stayed in room no. 200 at the Hotel Castello di Castel San Pietro Terme.
The European leg of the F1 season, starting from Imola, has traditionally been considered the beginning of the annual competition. Senna, who did not finish two opening contests this season, stated that this is where the season will begin, with 14 races, as opposed to 16, in which to win the title. Williams brings FW16 modifications to Imola in an effort to improve car handling.
On Friday, Senna put the car at stake to record 65th and last time, but he was disappointed with the events that took place this weekend. Senna complained about the handling of FW16 and reported that car performance is generally worse after the engineer's latest adjustment. During the afternoon qualifying session, Senna's compatriots and protà © à © gÃÆ'  © Rubens Barrichello was involved in a serious accident when his Jordan became air on the Variante Bassa chicane and hit a wall of tires and railings. Barrichello suffered a broken nose and arm, and resigned from the event. Barrichello reported that Senna was the first person he saw after regaining consciousness.
During Saturday's qualifier, Austrian rookie Roland Ratzenberger was killed after his Simtek-Ford front wing barged into a Villeneuve corner 310 km/h in diameter, sending the car to a concrete wall. Senna immediately visited the crash site and the medical center. There he met with FIA Medical Chief Professor Sid Watkins, who advised Senna who cried that he should retire from racing and go fishing (a hobby that they both share), which Senna answered that he can not stop the race. Senna was then called in front of the board to command the official car and climb up the medical center fence, and a row ensued, although Senna was not punished.
Senna spent his final morning talking to his former teammate and rival Alain Prost to discuss the re-establishment of the Grand Prix Driver Association, with the aim of improving safety in Formula One. Prost has retired from the sport at the end of the 1993 season, and is now a media presenter. As the most senior rider in the competition, Senna offers to take on the lead role, starting from the next race in Monaco. During the direction of the riders, concern surfaced about the use of most of the Porsche 911 cars for lap warming, with organizers agreeing to abandon training. It is said that Chief Engineer Williams Patrick Head has been working on Senna on the grid by advising him that the main car will not be excluded from the warm-up round after all.
At the start of the Grand Prix, Senna retained the lead from Schumacher, but the process soon became disrupted by a startline crash. JJ Lehto's Benetton-Ford stalled and was hit by Honda-Mugen Honda Pedro Lamy. A wheel and debris landed in the main stand, injuring eight fans and a police officer. The safety car, a sportive version of the Opel Vectra midsize family sedan, was deployed for several laps. The slow speed of Vectra is then questioned because of the decrease in tire pressure on Formula One cars. Senna had pulled up beside Vectra and motioned to the driver, Max Angelelli, to increase his speed. On lap 6, the race continued and Senna immediately set the pace quickly with the third fastest lap, followed by Schumacher.
When Senna rounds a high-speed Tamburello bend on lap 7, his car leaves the racing line at around 307 km/h (191 mph), runs in a straight line from the track, and crashes into a concrete retaining wall around 233 km/h (145 mph), after what telemetry shows to be a brake app for about two seconds. The red flag is shown as a consequence of the accident.
Within two minutes of crashes, Senna was extracted from his racing car by Watkins and his medical team, including intensive care anesthesia Giovanni Gordini. Initial treatment occurs next to the car, with Senna having a weak heartbeat and significant blood loss (about 4.5 liters). Due to Senna's poor nervous condition, Watkins did a tracheotomy on the spot and requested Senna's direct appointment to Maggiore Hospital in Bologna under Gordini's supervision.
At 18:40, the head of the hospital emergency department, Maria Teresa Fiandri made an announcement that Senna had died, but said the official time of death under Italian law was 14:17, which then had an impact on the wall and his brain stopped working. Watkins later said that as soon as he saw the enlarged Senna students, he knew that his brain stem was inactive and he would not survive.
The right front wheel and suspension are believed to have been sent back to the cockpit, attacking Senna on the right side of his helmet, forcing his head back into the headrests. In addition, an upright piece of assembly, most likely a tie rod, penetrates the visor helmet, which is a new, thinner version, above his right eye. Senna suffered a fatal skull fracture, a brain injury and a ruptured temporal artery.
As later revealed, when medical staff check Senna, an Austrian flag lying found in his car - a flag he meant to raise in honor of Ratzenberger after the race. Senna's photographs were taken care of on track by emergency medical personnel taken by Senna's friends and Autosprint photo editor ', Angelo Orsi. Out of respect, the photos were never published.
On April 27, 2014, as part of commemorating Senna on the 20th anniversary of his death, a panel of three journalists consisting of Murray Walker, Maurice Hamilton, and David Tremayne interviewed by Sky Sports' Simon Lazenby agreed that, in his last F1 Grand Prix race, Senna are under extreme pressure because:
- the serious accident of his young compatriot, Rubens Barrichello during training Friday, visited by Senna at the hospital;
- the death of F1 rookie Roland Ratzenberger during Saturday's qualifying;
- to 20 points behind in the Racer Championship;
- the suspicion of a competitor's Benetton B194 car using an illegal traction control system;
- the poor performance of his Williams FW16;
- family rejection from his girlfriend, Adriane Galisteu.
Funeral
Senna's death is considered by many of his fans in Brazil as a national tragedy, and the Brazilian Government declares three days of national mourning. The Italian Air Force offered to fly the coffin to Brazil, but the Senna family hoped that they would return home with a Brazilian plane. Contrary to airline policy and out of respect, Senna's coffin was allowed to be flown back to his native country in the passenger cabin of the McDonnell-Douglas MD-11 plane, accompanied by his bewildered brother Leonardo and close friends. The aircraft was escorted by fighter jets to SÃ £ o Paulo-Guarulhos International Airport on May 4, 1994, where he met with Sao Paulo Mayor Paulo Maluf and state governor LuÃÆ's AntÃÆ'Â'nio Fleury. The coffin was carried by soldiers from the Air Force Police to a fire truck, where eight cadets from the Military Police Academy were imprisoned while carrying coffins on a 20-mile journey into the city. Leading the motorcade were 17 police motorcycles, and 2,500 policemen lined the route to keep the crowd at bay.
An estimated three million people flocked to the streets of Senna's city of Sao Paulo to offer their respects. It is widely accepted as meeting the largest recorded mourners in modern times. More than 200,000 people flashed as his body lay in the Legislative Council building in Ibirapuera Park. After the public spectacle, the 21-gun salute was fired by the 2nd Artillery Brigade and seven Brazilian Air Force jets flew in diamond formation as the funeral procession proceeded to Morumbi Cemetery. Many prominent motor racing figures attend Senna's state cemetery, such as Ken Tyrrell's team managers, Peter Collins, Ron Dennis, and Frank Williams, as well as driver Jackie Stewart. The pallbearers include driver Gerhard Berger, Michele Alboreto, Alain Prost, Thierry Boutsen, Damon Hill, Rubens Barrichello, Roberto Moreno, Derek Warwick, MaurÃÆ'cio Gugelmin, Hans Stuck, Johnny Herbert, Pedro Lamy, Maurizio Sala, Raul Boesel, Emerson Fittipaldi, Wilson Fittipaldi, and Christian Fittipaldi. Neither Sid Watkins nor Jo RamÃÆ'rez, the McLaren team coordinator, could not attend because they were so sad. The Senna family did not allow FOM president Bernie Ecclestone, a friend of Senna, to attend the ceremony, after an argument between Ecclestone and Senna's brother, Leonardo di Imola, about Ecclestone's mistaken reaction to Ayrton's death report and the fact that the race had not been abandoned after his accident. FIA President Max Mosley attended the Ratzenberger funeral, which took place on 7 May 1994, in Salzburg, Austria. Mosley told a press conference 10 years later, "I went to his funeral because everyone went to Senna I think it's important that someone goes to his house." Senna's tomb bears the tombstone "The tone of pode me is half de amor de Deus", which means "Nothing can separate me from the love of God" (reference to Romans 8: 38-39).
A testament to the praise he inspires among fans around the world is the scene at Honda's headquarters in Tokyo, where McLaren's cars are usually shown after every race. After his death, so many flower tributes were received, they flooded the large exhibition lobby. This is despite the fact that Senna is no longer driving for McLaren and that McLaren in previous seasons did not use Honda's powers. Senna has a special relationship with the company's founder, Soichiro Honda and is loved in Japan, where he achieves almost fairy tale status. For the next race in Monaco, the FIA ​​decided to leave the first two vacant grid positions and painted with the colors of the Brazilian and Austrian flags, in honor of Senna and Ratzenberger.
Italian Prosecution
Italian law requires that accidents resulting in deaths should be investigated for criminal offenses, with scenes related to the accident being guaranteed and activities that cause death, suspended immediately. Senna's death was the subject of a criminal process in Italy, which saw members of Williams's main team investigated and charged with murder. The original hearing in 1997 ended freely for reasons that the prosecutor had failed to prove his case. This prosecution culminated with the verdict no. 15050 which was handed down by the Supreme Court of Cassation of Italy on 13 April 2007, stating: "It has been determined that the accident was caused by the failure of the steering column.Failure was caused by poorly designed and executed modifications.This responsibility fell to Patrick Head, over deleted controls ". However, the Chief was never arrested because the Italian restrictions law for murder was 7 years and 6 months, and the final verdict was pronounced 13 years after the accident.
Criminal charges are focused on the car's steering column, which has been found to have been cut off at the point where modifications have been made. Prosecutors alleged that the column had failed to cause the accident and the Williams team admitted this failure, but only because it was caused by an impact on the corner of Tamburello. Senna disliked his FW16 steering position relative to the seating position and had asked the first to change. Head and Adrian Newey meet Senna's request by cutting the existing column and extending it with smaller diameter tubing pieces, which are welded together with the reinforcing plate. Modifications were made in this way because there was no time to produce longer new steering columns in time for the races.
src: www.racefans.net
Personal life
Senna is a devout Catholic, once said: "Just because I believe in God, just because I have faith in God does not mean that I am immune, that does not mean that I am immortal" (1989). He often reads the Bible about the long flight from São Paulo to Europe. According to Viviane's sister, Senna had searched for the power of the Bible on the morning of his death after the events of the race weekend: "On that last morning, he wakes up and opens his Bible and reads a text that he will receive the greatest gift of all, who is God himself."
As his profile increases, Senna expressed his concern for the poor in Brazil. After his death, he was known to have donated millions of his personal fortune (estimated at about $ 400 million) to help poor children. Shortly before his death, he created a framework for an organization dedicated to Brazilian children, who later became the Ayrton Senna Institute (IAS).
Senna is often cited as using driving as a means of self-discovery and racing as a metaphor for life: "The harder I push, the more I find in myself I am always looking for the next step, a different world to go in, the areas where I've never been before, driving a Grand Prix alone, but it's so absorbent I've experienced a new sensation, and I want more That's my excitement, my motivation. "
Toward the end of his career, Senna becomes increasingly preoccupied with the dangers of his profession. On the morning of his death, he began reforming the GPDA security organization, which he intended to work to improve his sports safety.
Senna has several properties, including organic farming in TatuÃÆ', Brazil (where he built the go-kart line in 1991), a beach house in Angra dos Reis, Brazil, an apartment in SÃÆ' Â £ o Paulo, Brazil, an apartment in Monaco, and a house in Algarve, Portugal. In 1994, his last residence was where Senna let his last girlfriend, Adriane Galisteu, stay to start the European leg of the F1 season. The couple had met the previous year at a hospitality event sponsored by McLaren, Shell, as part of the Brazilian Grand Prix in which Galisteu had to audition through a modeling agency, to work as a hostess.
Senna enjoys a variety of physical activities including running, water skiing, jet skiing, and paddleboarding. He also has several hobbies, such as real flying and model airplanes and helicopters, boating, fishing, and riding his favorite Ducati motorcycle. His private jet was British Aerospace 125, and he also piloted his own helicopter between his residence in Brazil along with traveling to the races. For its 29th birthday in 1989, the Brazilian Air Force awarded Senna a flight in one of their fighter jets (Dassault Mirage III), which wore warning livery and is now on display at the Rio de Janeiro Aerospace Museum.
Senna is a close friend of McLaren team mate Gerhard Berger, and both always play practical jokes with each other. Berger was quoted as saying, "He taught me a lot about our sport, I taught him to laugh." In the documentary Right to Win , created in 2004 as a tribute to Senna, Frank Williams reminded that as good as a rider like Senna, in the end "he is a better man outside the car." than he is in it. "
Senna married Lilian de Vasconcelos Souza from 1981 to 1982. Vasconcelos, whom she knew from childhood, had difficulty adapting to her husband's racing life in England. Vasconcelos then said: "I am the second passion, his first spirit is racing... Nothing is more important in the world for him, not family, not wife, nothing." Although he did not have much income early in his racing career, Senna insisted on supporting his wife without the help of his father because of pride. The marriage ended in a divorce. Senna then asked Adriane Yamin, the daughter of a businessman from SÃÆ'ÂÂ £ Paulo, who was 15 years old when they started a relationship in 1985 and was often accompanied by her mother during a meeting with Senna. They were briefly involved, but the relationship was broken by Senna in late 1988. Senna dated Brazilian TV star Xuxa from late 1988 to 1990. He then dated Christine Ferracciu, who lived with him at his home in Monaco and Portugal, and shut down between 1990 and 1991. Senna also had an affair with American model Carol Alt, and briefly dated Marjorie Andrade and Elle Macpherson models. At the time of his death, Senna had a relationship with the Brazilian model, and then the TV personality, Adriane Galisteu.
One of the most extravagant claims involving Senna's partners in the past was made by Edilaine de Barros, a former model better known as Marcella Praddo. He alleges that the couple originated from 1992 to 1994. A few weeks after Senna's death, de Barros, Victoria's son was born and claimed that Senna was a father who was soon made but abandoned after the rejection of claims by the Senna family. Years later, after joining a religious sect, the former model was convinced to sue against Senna's legacy. In 2000, DNA tests on hair and saliva samples administered by Senna's parents on a conscientious basis
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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