Horse echoes are the various ways in which horses can move, either naturally or as a result of special training by humans.
Video Horse gait
Classification
Gaits are usually categorized into two groups: "natural" gaits that most horses will use without special training, and "ambling" diverse gaols smoothly up a four-beat footprint pattern that may appear naturally in some individuals, but that usually only happens on certain breeds. Special training is often required before the horse will do the walk to respond to the riders' orders.
Another system of classification that applies to four-legged animals uses three categories: walking and walking ambling, running or running, and jumping.
The British Horse Race Regulations require competitors to perform four variations of walking, six running forms, five jumping footholds (all forms of canter), stopping, and re-controlling, but not racing. Equity Exam The British Horse Society also requires expertise in galloping as different from canters.
The so-called "natural" gaits, in increasing the order of speed, are running, running, canter, and running fast. Some consider this as three gaits, with canter variations of gallop, although the canter is distinguished by having three taps, while the gallop has four taps. The four echoes are seen in the wild horse population. While other medium speed velocity speeds may occur naturally for some horses, these four basic barriers occur in nature in almost all horse breeds. In some animals, the trot is replaced with ambling speed or gait. The horses that have a walking style can also usually run.
Maps Horse gait
Walk
Walking is a four-way walk that averages about 4 miles per hour (6.4 km/h). When walking, the horse's feet follow this sequence: left back leg, left front leg, right back leg, right front leg, in a regular 1-2-3-4 rhythm. When walking, the horse will alternate between having three or two feet on the ground. A horse moves its head and neck in an up and down motion that helps maintain balance.
In detail, suppose the horse starts by raising its left front leg (the other three feet touch the ground). Then raise the right rear leg (while supported by the right front and left back diagonal pairs). Furthermore, the left front foot touches the ground (the horse is now supported by all but the right hind leg); then the horse raises his right front leg (now supported laterally on both left legs), and soon he puts the right rear leg (only the right front leg is now lifted). Then lift the left rear leg (diagonal support), put right front (lateral support), lift the left front, put the bottom left, and repeat the pattern.
Ideally, the back nail goes beyond the place where the forward front nail touches the ground. The more the back horses go further, the smoother and more comfortable the way. Individual horses and different races vary in the smoothness of their journey. However, a rider almost always feels a slight soft side-to-side movement in the horse's hips when each of his hind legs reaches forward.
The fastest "walk" with a four-beat footstep pattern is actually a lateral form of ambling echoes such as walking runs, single legs, and the same medium speed but smooth seamless. If a horse starts to accelerate and loses its usual four-beat rhythm to its gait, the horse no longer walks, but begins to run or run.
Trot
Trot is a two-way walk that has wide variations in possible speeds, but averages about 8 miles per hour (13 km/h). A very slow trot is sometimes referred to as jog . A very fast trot has no special name, but in the harness race, running from Standardbred is faster than the average run of non-horse runways. The North American speed record for racing under the saddle is measured at 30.25 miles per hour (48.68 km/h)
In this gait, the horse moves its legs simultaneously in diagonal pairs. From a horse's equilibrium point of view, this is a very stable gait, and the horse does not need to make a major counterweight with its head and neck.
Trot is a horse walking way. Regardless of what someone sees in the movie, the horse can only jump and run for a short time at a time, after which they need time to rest and recuperate. Horses in good condition can sustain hard work for hours. The trot is the way the main horse travels quickly from one place to the next.
Depending on the horse and its speed, running can be difficult for the rider to sit down because the horse's body goes down a bit between the beats and bounces again when the next set of legs strikes the ground. Each time a pair of other diagonal legs touch the ground, the rider can jerk up out of the saddle and meet the horse with some force on the way back down. Therefore, the fastest above jogging, especially in the British equestrian discipline, most riders post to the trot, up and down in rhythm with the horse to avoid jerking. Posting is easy on horseback, and once master is also easy on the rider.
In order not to be thrown out of the saddle and do not endanger the horse by bouncing on his back, the rider must learn special skills to sit running. Most riders can easily learn to sit slowly without bouncing. A skilled rider can drive even a very long trot without bouncing, but to do so requires back and stomach muscles that have been conditioned, and to do so for a long time will be tiring even for experienced riders. A fast, unassociated racing trick, like a horse racing harness, is almost impossible to sit.
Since running is a safe and efficient way to ride a horse, learning to pedal running is an essential component of almost any horse discipline. Nevertheless, "gaited" or "ambling" horses that have 4-beat fine intermediates that replace or complement the trot (see "ambling gaits" below ) are very popular with riders who prefer reason not to have to run up.
Two variations of the trot are specially trained in advanced dressage horses: Piaffe and Passage. Piaffe is basically created by asking the horse to run on the spot, with a little movement forward. The Passage (rhymes with "massage") is an exaggerated slow motion. Both require great collections, careful training, and good physical condition for a horse to perform.
Canter and race
Canter
Canter is a controlled gait, three beats that are usually slightly faster than the average run, but slower than running fast. The average speed of canters is 16-27 km/h (10-17 mph), depending on the length of the horse's pace. Listening to the horse canter, one can usually hear three beats as if the drum has been hit three times in a row. Then there is the break, and soon after that the three beats happen again. The faster the horse moves, the longer the suspension time between the three taps. This word is considered short for "Canterbury gallop".
In the canter, one horse's back leg - right rear leg, for example - pushes the horse forward. During this beat, the horse is supported only on one leg while the remaining three legs move forward. On the next blow, the horse catches itself on the left back and right front foot while the other back foot is still momentarily on the ground. At the third beat, the horse catches itself on the left front leg while the diagonal couple momentarily still in contact with the ground.
The longer front legs are paired with slightly longer hind legs on the same side. This is called a "lead". Except in special cases, such as counter-canters, horses are led to lead with their inner legs in circles. Therefore, the horse that started to go with the right rear leg as described above will have the front and back left legs each farther forward. This will be referred to as being on the "left lead".
When a rider is added to the natural balance of the horse, the question of lead becomes more important. When riding in a closed area like the arena, the correct leads provide the horse with a better balance. The rider usually signifies the horse that caused the take as it moves from the slower way to the canter. Also, when jumping over the fence, the rider usually indicates the horse landed on the right path to approach the next fence or bend. The rider can also ask the horse to deliberately take a counter-canter, a necessary step in some dress and routine competition in polo, which requires a level of gathering and balance in a horse. The transition from one lead to another without breaking the gait is called "flying lead change" or "flying change". This switch is also a feature of workmanship and integration of education and competition.
If the horse leads with one front leg but the opposite hind leg, it produces an awkward rolling motion, called cross-canter, discontinuous canter or "cross-firing".
Lope is a Western term for canter.
Gallop
Gallop is very much like a canter, except that it's faster, more ground-covering, and a three-beat canter turns into a four-beat gait. This is the fastest horseback ride, averaging about 25 to 30 miles per hour (40 to 48 km/h), and in the wild is used when animals have to escape from predators or just travel a short distance quickly. Horses will rarely run more than 1 or 2 miles (1.6 or 3.2 km) before they need to rest, although horses can maintain sufficient speed for longer distances before they become tele and should slow down.
Gallop is also a classic horse racing style. The modern race horse race is rarely longer than 1.5 miles (2.4 km), although in some countries the Arabian horse sometimes runs as far as 2.5 miles (4.0 km). The fastest running speed is achieved by the American Quarter Horse, which in a quarter-mile short sprint (0.25 miles (0.40 km)) or less has accelerated at speeds approaching 55 miles per hour (88.5 km/h). The Guinness Book of World Records lists a Thoroughbred having an average of 43.97 miles per hour (70.76 km/h) over a two-millong (0.25 mile (402 m) distance in 2008.
Like a canter, a horse will strike with its not-for-hind legs; but the second stage canter becomes, in fast, second and third stage because the rear hind legs touch the ground a split second before the outer front foot. Then both stop with a major foot strike, followed by a suspension moment when all four feet are above ground. A careful listener or observer can tell the long canter of an arch by the presence of a fourth tap.
Contrary to the old "classic" painting of a running horse, which shows the four legs stretched in the suspension phase, when the leg is stretched, at least one foot is still in contact with the ground. When all four legs are on the ground in the suspension phase of the gallop, the leg is bent not extended.
In 1877, Leland Stanford set out an argument about whether the racehorse was fully airborne: he paid the photographer Eadweard Muybridge to prove it photographically. The resulting photograph, the first documented example of high-speed photography, clearly shows the horse is in the air.
According to Equix, which analyzes biometric horse racing, the average horse racing has a 24.6 foot (7.5 m) step length; The secretariat, for example, is 24.8 feet (7.6 m), which may be part of its success.
A controlled gallop used to show the horses' steps in a horse show race is called "racing in hand" or hand racing .
In contrast to the clogged phase, when the horse jumps over the fence, the legs stretched out in the air, and the front foot strikes the ground before the hind legs. Basically, the horse takes the first two steps of the galloping step on the take-off side of the fence, and the other two steps on the landing side. A horse should collect his hind legs after jumping to attack to the next step.
Pace
pace is a two-step lateral shake. In his pace, the two legs on the same side of the horse move forward together, unlike running, in which two opposite diagonal legs from each other move forward together. Both speed and running, two feet always on the ground. This trot is much more common, but some horses, especially on breeds raised for harness races, naturally prefer speed. Pacers are also faster than average trotters, although horses run in both gaits. Among Standardbred's horses, pacers breed better than trotters - that is, running males have a higher proportion among them than males who do trotters.
The slow speed can be relatively comfortable, because the light rider is swayed from side to side. A slightly uneven step between the speed and the amble, is sobreandando from Peruvian Paso. On the other hand, slow speed is considered undesirable in Icelandic horses, where it is called pause or piggy-speed.
With one exception, the quick step is uncomfortable to ride and it is very difficult to sit, as the rider moves quickly from side to side. The movement felt as if the rider was on a camel, another animal that naturally moved. However, the camel is much higher than the horse and even at a relatively fast pace, the rider can follow the camel's rocking motion. A racehorse, smaller and takes a step faster, moves from side to side at a level that becomes difficult for the rider to follow the speed, making gait faster and useful for harness racing, becoming impractical as gait with long-distance speed. However, in the case of the Icelandic horse, where its speed is known as skeiÃÆ' Â °, "flying speed" or flugskeiÃÆ'Â ° , it is a smooth and highly appreciated way of walking, with short bursts at high speed.
A horse pacing and unused in a harness is often taught to perform some form of amble, obtained with a slight imbalance of the horse so that the footsteps of the speed break down into a lateral four-way gait that is more subtle to ride. The rider can not post the horse properly because there is no diagonal path pattern to follow, although some riders try to avoid jostling with the rides and sit rhythmically.
Based on the study of Icelandic horses, it is possible that its speed can be inherited and associated with a single genetic mutation in DMRT3 in the same way as lateral ambling echoes.
"Ambling" gaits
There are a number of significant names for various four-beat center punches. Although these names stem from differences in footsteps and pace patterns, they have historically been grouped together and collectively referred to as "amble." In the United States, swinging horses are referred to as "gaited." In almost all cases, the main feature of the echo ambling is that 3 of 4 feet are on the ground at all times, reflected in everyday terms, "singlefoot."
All ambling echoes are faster than walking but are usually slower than canters. They are more subtle for the rider than running or speed and most can be maintained for a relatively long period of time, making them highly desirable for trail riding and other tasks where the rider has to spend a long time in the saddle. There are two basic types: lateral, in which the front and rear legs on the same side move sequentially, and diagonally, where the front and rear feet on opposite sides move in sequence. Ambling gaits are more distinguished by whether the rhythm of the footsteps is isochronous, the same four rhythms in the 1-2-3-4 rhythm; or non isochronous 1-2, 3-4 rhythms created by a slight pause between the groundstrike from the front foot from one side to the other.
Not all horses can do a calm walking style. However, many breeds can be trained to produce it. In most "gaited" breeds, a calm walking style is a hereditary trait. A 2012 DNA study of movements in Icelandic horses and rats has determined that mutations in the DMRT3 gene, associated with movement and movement of the extremities, cause "premature stop toads" in horses with lateral ambling echoes.
The main ambling includes:
- The fox trot is most commonly associated with the Foxtrotter Missouri breed, but is also seen by different names in other known breeds. The fox trot is a four-beat diagonal style in which the forefoot of the diagonal pair landed before the rear. The same footprint pattern is characteristic of the trocha , pasitrote and marcha batida seen in various South American races.
- Many South American horse breeds have a smooth medium-sized ambulance range. Paso Fino's speed variations are called (from the slowest to the fastest) ie paso fino , paso corto , and paso largo . Peripheral lateral Paso Peru is known as paso llano and sobreandando . Marchador's lateral walking style is called marcha picada.
- Shelf or squeeze is the lateral walking style most often associated with American Saddlebred five-ga. Inside the rack, the speed rises to roughly of speed, but it is a four-beat gait with equal intervals between each tap.
- walking runs , four-hour lateral gait with footsteps in the same order as regular walking, but characterized by greater speed and subtlety. This is a different natural style of the Tennessee Walking Horse.
- The slow gait is a generic term for lateral echoes that follow the same common footfall lateral pattern, but the rhythm and movement of the movement are different. Requirements for various slow echoes include step acceleration and foot one .
- The TÃÆ'¶lt is a gait that is often described as the uniqueness of Icelandic horses. The footfall pattern is the same as the shelf, but the tofit is characterized by more freedom and liquidity of movement. Some of the horse races associated with Icelandic horses, live in the Faroe Islands and Norway, are also tae.
- The revaal or ravaal is a four-beat gait associated with Marwari, Kathiawari or the Sindhi horse race in India.
References
External links
- Photos of various horse properties, by Eadweard Muybridge, Animals in Motion
- Gaits of Horse
- Animation from Icelandic horse gaits
- The map details the relationship between Icelandic horse gaits
- Equix: Bluegrass Thoroughbred Services, Greenfield Farm - Walking videos of various racehorses
- Natural Gaits of Horse from eXtension
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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