An ankle monitor (also known as tether , or ankle bracelet ) is a device that the defendant under house arrest or parole is required to wear. At any time, ankle monitors send radio frequency signals that contain location and other information to the recipient. If an offender moves beyond the permitted range, the police will be notified. The monitor ankle is designed to hold the tamper and can alert authorities to removal attempts, such as cutting the band causing circuit breaks.
The most common configuration is a radio frequency transmitting unit that sends signals to the fixed location receiver at the actor's premises. The residential unit uses a land line or cellular network to send information to a service center computer. If the offender is not at their residence at any time, a warning message is sent to the service center, and then sent to the probation/parole probation officer. GPS units are similar in design, but the offender also carries a GPS cellphone unit that receives signals from the ankle unit, or both functions can be combined into one ankle unit. Persons who are subject to detention orders may also be subject to GPS monitoring.
Video Ankle monitor
Histori
Electronic monitoring was originally developed by a small group of researchers at Harvard University in the 1960s, led by R. Kirkland Schwitzgebel and his twin brother, Robert Schwitzgebel (surnamed shortened to "Gable" in 1983). In 1983, Judge Jack Love in Albuquerque, New Mexico, inspired by the Spider-Man comics, started the first trial program approved using a monitoring tool. It was produced by Michael T. Goss, former Honeywell computer sales representative. Soon, the program started in Florida using the cuffs discovered by Thomas Moody.
In six years, at least 16 producers are registered in the Breaking Watch Journal . In 2006, approximately 130,000 units were deployed daily in the United States. They are also gaining popularity in the United Kingdom, but adoption across the EU is slightly slower. Early collection of equipment and a written summary, with photographs, on the history of commercial devices in the United States is stored in the Archives of American Psychological History, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA.
Maps Ankle monitor
Effectiveness
The effectiveness of monitoring in reducing crime is uncertain, as some people who violate parole may be preparing for a more serious crime. It is thought that monitoring can serve as a deterrent to criminal behavior; however, a thorough and comprehensive review of the research literature has shown that, over a three-year period, monitoring as crime prevention is similar to other prison transfer programs. The inventors, Kirkland and Robert Gable, now a Professor of Psychology at California Lutheran University and Claremont Graduate University, have strongly advocated the use of positive incentives in monitoring programs.
variant of SCRAM
The SCRAM bracelet ("Secure Remote Monitoring Alcohol Sustainability") - waterproof and worn on both feet as a condition of experiment or parole - can detect alcohol consumption through transdermal measurements throughout the day. The anti-tamper feature is in place to thwart attempts such as placing flat items between legs and devices to block skin contact. They typically also serve as normal barriers, providing 24-hour location-based data about a person's existence, and calls in any violation of any of the protocols. Both can not be deleted by the user without being reported to the base station. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration produced a favorable report on the use of electronic monitoring of DUI offenders, with lower recidivism rates and lower costs compared to prisons.
See also
- Electronic tags
References
External links
Media associated with Ankle monitors on Wikimedia Commons
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments