Sensitivity of information is the control of access to information or knowledge that may result in loss of profit or security level if disclosed to others.
Loss, misuse, modification or unauthorized access to sensitive information may adversely affect the privacy or welfare of the individual, trade secrets of a business or even the security and international relations of a country depending on the degree of sensitivity and nature of the information.
Video Information sensitivity
Non-sensitive information
Public information
This refers to information that has become a record issue or public knowledge. With regard to government and private organizations, access or release of such information may be requested by every member of the community, and there is often a formal process organized for how to do it. Accessibility of public records held by the government is an important part of government transparency, accountability to its citizens, and democratic values. Subsequent public records may refer to information about identifiable individuals that are not considered confidential, including but not limited to: census records, criminal records, criminal registry files, and voter registration.
Regular business information
This includes business information that is not subject to special protection and can be routinely shared with anyone inside or outside the business.
Maps Information sensitivity
Sensitive information type
Confidential information is used in a general sense which means sensitive information whose access is subject to restrictions, and may refer to information about individuals as well as those related to business.
However, there are situations where the release of personal information may have a negative impact on the owner. For example, someone who tries to avoid stalkers will tend to limit access to that personal information further. In addition, one's SSN or SIN, credit card number, and other financial information may be considered private if the disclosure may lead to crimes such as identity theft or fraud.
Some types of personal information, including health care, education, and employment records may be covered by privacy laws. Unauthorized disclosure of private information may keep the perpetrator accountable for civil recovery and may in some cases be subject to criminal penalties.
Although often used interchangeably, personal information is sometimes distinguished from personal information, or identifiable personal information. The latter is different from the first in personal information that can be used to identify unique individuals. Personal information, on the other hand, is information that belongs to an individual's personal life that can not be used to uniquely identify the individual. These can range from individual favorite colors, to the details of their household life. The latter is a common example of personal information that is also regarded as sensitive, in which individuals who share these details with a trusted listener will choose them not to be shared with others, and their sharing may lead to undesirable consequences.
Confidential business information
Confidential business information refers to information whose disclosure may harm a business. Such information may include trade secrets, sales and marketing plans, new product plans, records related to patented invention, customer and supplier information, financial data, and more.
Classified
Confidential information generally refers to information subject to specific security classification rules imposed by many national governments, its disclosure may cause harm to national interests and security. The restrictive protocols imposed on such information are categorized into a hierarchy of classification levels in almost every national government worldwide, with the most limited levels containing information that could cause greatest harm to national security if leaked. Legitimate access is granted to individuals based on the need to know which basis has also passed the appropriate level of security. Confidential information may be re-classified to a different or declassified level (publicly available) depending on a change of situation or new intelligence.
Confidential information may also be represented further by communication or access methods. For example, Protecting "Secret" Only Eyes or Protectively Marked "Secrets" Encrypted transfers only. Indicates that the document must be physically read by the recipient and can not be discussed openly for example through a telephone conversation or that communication can be sent only by using encrypted means. Often incorrectly registered as meaning for the intended recipient eye only anomalies become apparent when an additional tag "Not in a windowless area" is also used.
Personal and personal information
Data privacy concerns exist in various aspects of everyday life where personal data is stored and collected, such as on the internet, in medical records, financial records, and expressions of political opinion. In more than 80 countries worldwide, personally identifiable information is protected by an information privacy law, which outlines the limits for the collection and use of information that can be personally identifiable by public and private entities. The law usually requires the entity to provide clear and unambiguous notices to individuals of the type of data collected, the reason for the collection, and the planned use of the data. In a legal framework of consent-based, explicit consent from individuals is also required.
In the European Union, the Data Protection Guidelines provide strict standards for privacy protection laws in all member countries. Although the Directive is not legally binding in its own right, all Member States are expected to enact their own national privacy laws within three years of the adoption of the Directive in accordance with all its standards. Since adoption, the Directive has demonstrated a significant influence on the privacy legislation of non-EU countries, through its terms on the privacy legislation of non-member countries involved in cross-border private data with EU member states.
The European Union has passed the General Data Protection Regulations (GDPR), which will replace the Directive. The regulation was adopted on April 27, 2016. It can come into force on May 25, 2018 after a two-year transition period and, unlike directives, it does not require national governments to pass enabling legislation, and is thus directly binding and enforceable. "The new EU data protection protocol extends the scope of EU data protection laws to all foreign companies processing data from EU residents, providing for harmonization of data protection regulations across the EU, making it easier for non-European companies to comply with regulations - this regulation, however, this occurs in the cost of a strict data protection compliance regime with severe penalties of up to 4% of worldwide turnover. "
GDPR also brings a new set of "digital rights" to EU citizens in an age when the economic value of personal data is increasing in the digital economy. In Canada, Personal Information Protection and Electronic Document Documents (PIPEDA) govern the collection and use of personal data and electronic documents by public and private organizations. PIPEDA applies in all federal and provincial jurisdictions, except for provinces where existing privacy laws are determined to be "very similar".
Although not through an integrated sensitive information framework, the United States has implemented a large number of privacy laws relating to different aspects of data privacy, with an emphasis on privacy in health care, finance, e-commerce, the education industry, and both in federal and state level. Whether governed or governed by themselves, the law requires setting a way in which access to sensitive information is limited to people of different roles, thus essentially requiring the formation of "sensitive data domains" and their protection mechanisms. Some domains have guidance in the form of predetermined models such as "Safe Harbor" from HIPAA, based on Sweeny's Latanya research and defined industry privacy metrics.
In addition, many other countries have enacted their own legislative privacy protection data, and many more are still in the process of doing so.
Confidential business information
Confidentiality of sensitive business information is established through confidentiality agreements, legally binding contracts between two parties in a professional relationship. The NDA may be one-way, as in the case of an employee who receives confidential information about an employing organization, or two-way between businesses that need to share information with each other to achieve business goals. Depending on the severity of the consequences, a violation of non-disclosure may result in loss of work, loss of business and client contact, criminal or civil litigation, and a substantial amount of damage. When NDAs are signed between employers and employees at the time of work initiation, non-competing clauses may form part of the agreement as an added protection of sensitive business information, in which employees agree not to work for competitors or start their own competitors' business. within a certain time or geographic limit.
Unlike personal and personal information, there is no internationally recognized framework protecting trade secrets, or even the definition of mutually agreed "trade secret" terms. However, many countries and political jurisdictions have taken the initiative to explain the breach of commercial confidentiality in their criminal or civil law. For example, under the 1996 US Economic Espionage Act, it is a federal crime in the United States to abuse trade secrets with the knowledge that it would benefit foreign powers, or would harm the owner of trade secrets. More generally, commercial breaches of confidentiality are under civil law, as in Britain. In some developing countries, trade secret laws are either absent or poorly developed and offer little protection.
Confidential information
In many countries, the disclosure of unlawful secret information is a criminal offense, and may be subject to fines, imprisonment, or even death penalty, depending on the severity of the offense. For lighter offenses, civil sanctions may be imposed, ranging from reprimands to revocation of security clearances and subsequent termination of employment.
Whistleblowing is the disclosure of deliberate sensitive information to third parties in order to disclose allegations of illegal, immoral, or other harmful acts. There are many examples of current and former government employees who disclose confidential information about the national government's mistakes to the public and the media, regardless of the criminal consequences that await them.
Espionage, or spying, involves obtaining sensitive information without the consent or knowledge of the holder. The use of spies is part of the collection of national intelligence in most countries, and has been used as a political strategy by nation-states since ancient times. It is an unspoken knowledge in international politics that countries spy on each other all the time, even their allies.
Digital sensitive information
Computer security is information security applied to computing and networking technologies, and is a significant and growing field in computer science. The term computer insecurity, on the other hand, is the concept that computer systems are inherently vulnerable to attack, and therefore an ongoing arms race between those who exploit vulnerabilities exist in security systems and those who must then engineer new security mechanisms.
A number of security concerns have emerged in recent years as increasing amounts of sensitive information at each level have found their primary presence in digital form. On a personal level, credit card fraud, internet fraud, and other forms of identity theft have become widespread concerns that every individual should pay attention to every day. The existence of a large database of confidential information on computer networks also altered the face of domestic and international politics. Cyber ​​warfare and cyber espionage are becoming increasingly important for the national security and strategy of countries around the world, and it is estimated that 120 countries around the world are now actively involved in the development and deployment of technology for this purpose.
Internet philosophy and culture such as open-source governance, hacktivism, and popular hacktivist slogans "free-willed information" reflect some cultural shifts in perceptions of political and governmental secrecy. Popular and controversial WikiLeaks are just one of many manifestations of growing cultural sentiment that poses additional challenges to the security and integrity of classified information.
See also
- Espionage
- Federal Standard 1037C and the National Information System Security Glossary
- Mandatory Access Control
- Privacy protocol
External links
- ISOO
- CIA
- FBI Security Clearance FAQ
Note
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments