minivan (American English), carrier (English English) ,, MPV ( multipurpose vehicle ) or < b> MUV ( multi-utility vehicle ) is a vehicle size classification that describes a high-roof vehicle with a flexible interior layout. The smaller size is a mini MPV and a compact MPV classification.
The minivan combines a one or two-box hatchback roof configuration with five high roofs with medium-sized platforms, engines and mechanics; handling such as cars and fuel economy; unibody construction; front wheel or all-wheel drive and a greater altitude than a sedan or station wagon colleague. The design offers a higher h-point seating, two or three rows of seats, easy passenger and cargo access with wide open back doors and large rear doors, and reconfigurable interior volumes with recumbable seats, glide, falling, folding flat or allowing easy removal - allows users to prioritize passenger and cargo volumes.
Video Minivan
Etimologi
In North America, the term minivan comes from a comparison with a traditional full-size van, including the Ford E-Series, Dodge Ram Van, and Chevrolet Van. Full-size vans gained the foundation of a full-size pickup truck, while the first-generation minivans sold in North America come from solid pickup trucks or passenger cars (or both).
Maps Minivan
Antecedents
Its predecessors include the 1936 Stout Scarab, which features a removable table and a second row seat that rotates 180 degrees to face backwards. The DKW Schnellaster, produced from 1949 to 1962 was one of the first vehicles to feature the characteristics of a modern minivan. In 1950, Volkswagen Type 2 adapted the bus-shaped body to a compact Volkswagen Beetle. When Volkswagen introduced the sliding door in their van in 1968, it then had prominent features that would later determine the minivan: compact length, three front-facing row seats, hinged tailgate/liftgate station wagon-style, sliding, passenger car. Fiat built the same vehicle, 1956 Multipla based on Fiat 600 with the same rear engine, front cabin layout.
In 1972, designers at Ford Motor Company developed the Ford Carousel prototype as a variant of the 1975 Ford E-Series anniversary design. To be more suited to a van that is a 7-foot (213 cm) open American garage door, the Carousel is designed with lower roofline (6 feet) and trims similar to station wagons and luxury private cars; Instead of cargo carriers, Carousel is intended to be a family vehicle. The vehicle was never produced, because of the mid-1970s fuel crisis and the financial difficulties of the company. Nearly a decade later, the concept was reviewed by the designers and produced in a somewhat different form with the Ford Aerostar.
In the late 1970s Chrysler embarked on a six-year development program to design "affordable small vans that looked and handled more like cars". The automaker introduced the first American market minivan in 1983, Dodge Caravan and Plymouth Voyager, driven by a front wheel drive vehicle.
Renault Espace started development in 1970 as Chrysler UK project. The project reached the French factory of Matra, which brought the idea to Renault, introducing Espace in 1984.
Asia
- In Taiwan, the Taiwan market features Luxgen M7.
- BYD M6 is the consumer choice for minivans in China.
- The Japanese market has owned Mazda Bongo since 1966 and recently included Toyota Alphard, Toyota Previa, Nissan Serena, and Honda Elysion.
- In South Korea, minivans include Kia Carnival and SsangYong Rodius. Both are marketed internationally.
- Buick GL8 is manufactured and sold since 2000 in China under the Buick brand name by SAIC-GM, a joint venture of SAIC Motor with General Motors Corporation.
- In Malaysia, MPV is sold by local company Proton Holdings and Perodua has been available since 2009 to Proton Exora and Perodua Alza
North America
For the 1984 model year, Chrysler minivans arrived in the market for great success. The minivan replaces the station wagon as a large passenger car of choice in the US.
In 1984, The New York Times described minivans of "hot cars coming out of Detroit," noting that "analysts say mini-vans have created an entirely new market, which is likely to be overshadowed. station wagon. "
In 1987 Chrysler introduced a long minivan ("Grand"). Chrysler & amp; The country debuted in 1990. The term minivan began to be widely used in North America, in contrast to the full-size van. The minivan market share peaked in 2000 with sales of 1.4 million units in the US.
Automotive journalist Dan Neil writes that the minivan signal "that the driver is older and speaks for - from the reproduction market, so to speak." In a culture where women spend billions to create the illusion of youth, it is no wonder minivans have struggled headwind the market "and at the moment together sums up his experience driving Chrysler Town & amp; 2008; Country Limited "strange and perverted looks - and it is true - middle-aged men who work in minivans (like me) are very sexy."
Sales of minivans shrank to about half a million by 2013.
In 2016, a journalist with The New York Times wrote that the minivan has become "not cool at any speed."
Current model
In 2014, sales of minivans in the United States increased 6% compared to 2013. In terms of market share, about 94% of the segment market share came from sales of Chrysler, Honda Odyssey and Toyota Sienna minivans; the best-selling vehicles vary from year to year. The remaining 6% of the segment is divided mostly by Ford Transit Connect, Kia Sedona, Mazda 5 (discontinued after the 2015 model). and Mercedes Metris.
Terminated model
- Toyota: previous models include Van/Wagon (imported version of TownAce from Japan) from 1984 to 1989, and Previa from 1990 to 1997; replaced by American-made Sienna.
- General Motors: previous models include the Chevrolet Astro/GMC Safari from 1985 to 2005, a rear-wheel drive minivan based on light trucks. They also sold APV mini-wheel drive cars from 1990 to 1996 (sold as Chevrolet, Pontiac, and Oldsmobile); replaced by Chevrolet Venture, Pontiac Montana, and Oldsmobile Silhouette; then replaced by Chevrolet Uplander, Pontiac Montana SV6, Buick Terraza, and Saturn Relay marketed as a crossover SUV; GM quit the minivan segment completely in 2008.
- Ford: previous models include Ford Aerostar from 1986 to 1997 and Ford Windstar/Ford Freestar/Mercury Monterey 1995-2007, after Ford exited the minivan segment, back in 2014 with Ford Transit Connect Wagon import.
- Nissan: previous models include Van/Wagon (vanette import version from Japan) from 1987 to 1990; the first two generations of Nissan Quest were developed with Ford and marketed as Mercury Villager from 1992 to 2002. The 2004 Nissan Quest was developed exclusively by Nissan, built in the United States and Japan.
- Mitsubishi imported the Delica Star Wagon as Mitsubishi Van/Wagon from 1987 to 1990.
- Isuzu sells the designed Odyssey Honda badge as the Isuzu Oasis from 1996 to 1999.
- Mazda: Mazda MPV 1989-1998 is the first Japanese brand minivan specifically designed for North America. Replaced in 2005 by Mazda5, which was discontinued in 2015. Volkswagen: former model including Vanagon 1979-1991, replaced by Eurovan which was sold from 1993 to 1994 and from 1999 to 2003. From 2008 to 2012, Volkswagen sold the Dodge Grand Caravan rebadged as the Volkswagen Routan.
- Chrysler: Chrysler City and Country 1986-2016 replaced by new 2017 Chrysler Pacifica (RU) minivans.
Europe
In 1979, Volkswagen replaced the long-running Type 2 with the Volkswagen Transporter T3/Caravelle (VW Vanagon in North America). While maintaining the Type 2 rear engine form factor, the Caravelle is an all-new design. In 1984, Renault Espace was introduced. Designed and manufactured by Matra, Espace is a front-wheel drive van with four front-hinged doors. Despite the sluggish sales at first, Espace will continue to be one of the most successful vans in this segment. Beginning in the late 1980s, American market minivans (Chrysler Voyager and Ford Aerostar) were exported to Europe.
During the 1990s, minivan production continued, with extensive use of badge techniques and joint ventures between manufacturers. In 1994, under the Sevel joint venture, CitroÃÆ'¼, Peugeot, Fiat and Lancia introduced competitors to Espace based on a single platform. For 1995, Ford and Volkswagen introduced their own joint venture (leading to Ford Galaxy, Volkswagen Sharan, and Seat Alhambra). Imports of American market minivans continued, with Chrysler Voyager, limited imports of Ford Windstar, and Opel/Vauxhall Sintra manufactured entirely in the United States with its Chevrolet Venture partners.
Current models include Mercedes-Benz Vito, Volkswagen Sharan, Chrysler Voyager (now renamed Lancia), Kia Carnival, and SsangYong Rodius.
Short and mini MPV
Towards the end of the 1990s and early 2000s, large European manufacturers launched new compact MPV and mini MPV classes, representing minivans with significantly smaller dimensions than larger minivans and in many cases developed on compact car platforms and supermini, respectively.
The first model is the Renault MÃÆ'Â © gane ScÃÆ'Â © nic, launched in 1996, featuring designs and mechanics that are mostly similar to the compact car Renault MÃÆ'Â © gane. This was followed by other models, such as Fiat Multipla, in 1998, CitroÃÆ'¡n Xsara Picasso, in 1999, based on the compact car CitroÃÆ'¡ Xsara, Opel Zafira, also in 1999, and later by Ford Focus C-Max in 2003, based on Ford Focus compact car, Volkswagen Touran, also in 2003, or Mercedes-Benz Vaneo, in 2002.
They were replicated by Japanese and South Korean manufacturers, who also launched their compact MPV version, with Toyota introducing the Corolla Verso, in 1997, based on the Toyota Corolla compact car, followed by Nissan with Almera Tino, in 2000, based on Nissan Almera's compact car , Mazda, with Ford Focus C-Max related Mazda Premacy, in 1999, or Honda, with FR-V, in 2004, while Mitsubishi has been producing its own version of the compact MPV, Space Runner, since 1991. In South Korea, Daewoo launched Daewoo Tacuma, in 2000, while Kia launched Carens, in 1999.
Because the compact MPV grew in the size of every generation during the 2000s, the new smaller mini MPV class debuted, including the Opel Meriva, Nissan Note, Fiat Idea, Renault Mode, and the Fiat 500L.
Japanese and South Korean manufacturers market Daihatsu Gran Move, Mitsubishi Space Star, Hyundai Matrix, and Kia Soul.
Recreational activity vehicle
recreational vehicle vehicles (abbreviated LAV ) are small vans or minivans, generally associated with supermini or subcompact cars, with two or three row seats, and large, high-boot cars and tubs truck. The Matra Rancho, introduced in 1977, pre-dated the category. LAV's had become popular in Europe in the 1990s as a cheaper and wider alternative to small family cars.
Activity vehicle activity is different from the mini MPV in the previously higher and has a longer and more horizontal bonnet and a more vertical windshield. The Mini MPV has a higher, more vertical seat than the LAV, while it has the same seating as hatchbacks, sedans and station wagons.
As recreational vehicles, sometimes have long wheelbase distances over other superminis, they are longer than the station wagon and mini MPV they are in. For example, Fiat DoblÃÆ'² is one of the longest LAVs with a total length of 4.255 mm (167.5 in), versus 4.050 mm (159.4 inches) of Opel Meriva (MPV mini) and 4,030 mm (158.7 inches) of Peugeot 206 SW (supermini).
List of vehicle recreational activities (similar vehicles grouped together):
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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