Walking path or moving sidewalks (American English), also known as otowalk or in English English as skywalk , travolator , or travellator , is a slow-moving conveyor mechanism that transports people across a horizontal or sloping plane over short to medium distances. Moving the sidewalks can be used by standing or walking on it. They are often mounted in pairs, one for each direction.
Video Moving walkway
Histori
The first pedestrian street debuted at the Columbus World Expo in 1893, in Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. It has two distinct divisions: one where the passenger sits, and one where the rider can stand or walk. It ran in a circle along the lake pier to the casino. Six years later, a moving road was also presented to the public at the Paris Exposition Universelle in 1900. It consisted of three elevated platforms, the first stationary, the second moving at medium speed, and the third about six miles per hour. This demonstration may serve as an inspiration for some of the H. G. Wells settings mentioned in the "Sci-fi Fiction" section below.
The Beeler Organization , a consulting firm of New York City, proposed a Sustainable Transit System with Surface Undercover Platform for Atlanta in 1924, with a design more or less the same as the Paris Exhibition system. The proposed propulsion system uses a linear induction motor. The system was not built.
The first commercial trade strip in the United States was installed in 1954 in Jersey City, NJ, inside Hudson & amp; Erie Manhattan Railroad Station at Terminal Pavonia. Named "Speedwalk" and built by Goodyear, it measures 277 feet (84.5 m) and goes up 10 percent class at a speed of 1.5 mph (2.4 km/h). The path was removed a few years later when the traffic patterns at the station changed.
The first moving line at the airport was installed in 1958 at Love Field in Dallas, Texas. On January 1, 1960, Tina Marie Brandon, age 2, was killed on a moving sidewalk.
Moving sidewalks generally move at slower speeds than natural walking speeds, and even as people continue to walk after they step on a moving road they tend to slow down their pace to keep pace, so moving sidewalks only slightly increase travel time and transport capacity in a way whole.
Maps Moving walkway
Design
Moving sidewalks are built in one of two basic styles:
- The type of palette - continuous rows of flat metal plates join together to form a path - and effectively identical to the escalator in its construction. Most have metal surfaces, although some models have a rubber surface for extra appeal.
- Move belts - these are generally built with metal mesh belts or rubber walk surfaces on metal rollers. The walking surface may have strong feelings or "shake" feelings.
Both types of moving roads have grooved surfaces to blend with the combination plate at the end. Also, almost all of the moving sidewalks are built with handrails that move similar to those on the escalator.
Pallet-type consists of one-piece, die-cast aluminum palette. The example dimensions are: width (between the balustrades): between 32 inches (800 mm) and 56 inches (1,200 mm), with a speed of 100 feet per minute (0.5 meters per second), supported by an AC induction motor.
High speed sidewalk
Initial example
In the 1970s, Dunlop developed the Speedaway system. It was actually a discovery by Gabriel Bouladon and Paul Zuppiger of the Battelle Memorial Institute at the former Geneva facility, Switzerland. A prototype was built and exhibited at the Battelle Institute in Geneva in the early 1970s, as evidenced by the Swiss television program Un Jour une Heure which aired in October 1974. The great advantage of Speedaway, compared to existing systems at that time, is that the embarking/disembarking zones are both wide and moving slowly (up to 4 passengers can start simultaneously, allowing for a large number of passengers, up to 10,000 per hour), while the transport zones are narrower and faster.
The entrance to the system is like a very wide escalator, with wide metal tread plates forming a parallelogram. After a short distance the tread plates are accelerated to one side, gliding past each other to form progressively into the narrower but faster moving path that runs at an almost right angle to the entry section. Passengers are accelerated through a parabolic line to a maximum design speed of 15 km/h (9 mph). The experience is unusual for passengers, who need to understand how to use the system to do it safely. Developing a moving hand rail for the system presents a challenge, also solved by Battelle's team. The Speedaway is intended to be used as a stand-alone short-range system or to form an acceleration and deceleration unit providing an incoming and outgoing means for the longer (but fast-running) conventional parallel paths Starglide that cover longer. distance. The system was still under development in 1975 but never went into commercial production.
Another effort on an accelerated road in the 1980s was TRAX (Trottoir Roulant Accà © à © là © à © rà © Å © ), developed by Dassault and RATP and a prototype installed at the Invalides station in Paris. The incoming and outgoing speeds are 3 km/h (2 mph), while the maximum speed is 15 km/h (9 mph). It was a technical failure because of its complexity, and was never commercially exploited.
In the mid-1990s, the Loderway Moving Walkway company patented and licensed the design to a larger number of mobile moving manufacturers. The pilot system is installed at Flinders Street train station in Melbourne and Brisbane Airport Australia. This was greeted with a positive response from the public, but no permanent installation was made. This system is a belt type, with a belt sequence moving at different speeds to accelerate and slow down the rider. Different speed hand grip sequences are also used.
Trottoir roulant rapide (TRR)
In 2002, CNIM designed and installed experimental, 185 meters (607 feet) trottoir roulant rapide high speed road at the station Montparnasse-BienvenÃÆ'¼e in France. It was initially operated at a speed of 12 km/h (7.5 mph) but was later reduced to 9 km/h (5.6 mph) due to security concerns. Because the road design requires the rider to have at least one free hand to hold the handle, those who carry bags, shopping, etc., or who are handicapped or physically handicapped, should use regular roads beside him, and staff positioned at each end to determine who can and who who can not use it.
Using this path is the same as using another moving path, except that there are special procedures to follow when entering or exiting at both ends. Upon entering, there is a 10 meter acceleration zone where 'ground' is a series of metal rollers. The rider stands still with both feet on this roller and uses one hand to hold the handle and let it pull so that they glide over the rollers. The idea is to speed up the riders so they will travel fast enough to step into a moving belt. Riders who try to walk on this roller have a significant risk of falling. Once on the path, the rider can stand or walk as in the usual way of moving. At the exit, the same technique is used to reduce the speed of the rider. Users step onto a series of rollers that slow them down, rather than stopping unexpectedly as it should.
The path proved unreliable, causing many users to lose balance and crash. As a result, it was removed by RATP in 2011 after nine years in service, replaced by a standard moving move.
ThyssenKrupp Express Walkway
In 2007, ThyssenKrupp installed two high-speed sidewalks at Terminal 1 at Toronto's Pearson International Airport. They connect the international gate at the recently opened Pier F, located at one end of the pier, with the rest of the terminal. One lane serves passengers departing for the gate and the others serve the arriving passengers to the terminal.
This pallet-type road design accelerates and reduces the speed of the user in a way that eliminates many of the safety risks generated by the belt-type moves used in Paris, making it suitable for use by people of all ages and sizes regardless of their health condition. Palette "intermesh" with comb and slot settings. They expand to each other when speeding up, and compress to each other when it slows down. Handrails work in the same way, and therefore, no need to hold handrails when entering or exiting the path. Move around 2 km/h (1.2 mph) when the rider stepped onto it and speeds up to about 7 km/h (4.3 mph), which remains near the end, where it slows back down.
Street tends to move
Roads that tend to move are the vertical transport types used at airports and supermarkets to move people to other floors with the convenience of elevators (ie, people can carry luggage trolley, shopping cart or stroller) and the capacity of an escalator.
The carts have either a brake that is automatically applied when the handle of the cart is released, a strong magnet on the wheels to stick on the floor, or a specially designed wheel that secures the cart inside the ramp groove, so the wheeled goods run alongside the riders and do not qualify.
Some department stores instead use a shopping cart conveyor to transport their passengers and carts between store levels simultaneously. Walmart in Canada requires wheelchair users and other mobility aids to be accompanied by shop staff while using their moving sidewalk, which they call 'mover'. This policy has been replaced in some stores by elevator installation.
Apps
Moving sidewalks are often found in the following locations:
Airport
Moving sidewalks are generally used at larger airports, because passengers - often with heavy items behind them - usually have to walk a long way. Moving the sidewalk can be used:
- in the halls between the concourses and the terminal
- in a very long time
- as a link between terminals, or
- as access to parking facilities or land transportation stations.
Of particular note is the Charles de Gaulle Airport in Paris, France, which has several moving sidewalks in a series of futuristic suspended tubes. DFW Airport has 6 moving sidewalks, three are moving from terminal C to Terminal A and three are moving from Terminal A to Terminal C. They have been in use since 1982.
Museum Exhibition
Walking sidewalks can be used:
- to ensure that museum exhibits are viewed in a certain order
- to give a certain aesthetic effect
- to ensure the crowd moves at a reliable speed.
The 1975-76 American Freedom Train does this; they have a road that moves inside each successive railway car, thus maximizing the number of people who can see the interior exhibition within a limited time train stops in every city.
National Art Gallery in Washington, DC, USA, uses a moving lane to connect two main galleries.
The London Tower in London, England, uses a moving street where visitors pass through a cabinet containing the Crown Jewel.
Zoo
Similar to museums, some zoological garden exhibits have a moving track to facilitate guests through the look of animals or habitats. The aquarium at Mall of America does this with a moving path consisting of a special round pallet that allows it to change course direction. The San Diego Zoo uses moving ramps to help guests climb to steep levels.
Theme park
Several amusement park rides, such as sustainable dark rides like the Omnimover Disney rides, take advantage of sidewalks that move to help passengers ride and ride on rides and attractions. Some examples include:
- The Ultra Twister, the roller coaster at Astroworld now closed in Houston, Texas has a moving road without a handle for passengers to step before climbing into their car. The sidewalk will move at the same speed as the approaching car, allowing passengers to complete the journey to get off and to board the passengers to enter the car. The announcement plays "Moving conveyor, please pay attention to your step" to alert the moving road.
- The exit from the Space Mountain attraction at Walt Disney World has a long walking path that changes the tilt several times.
- The exit from the Pirates of the Caribbean attraction at Walt Disney World has a road that tends to move toward the souvenir shop.
- The Tomorrowland Transit Authority PeopleMover object at Walt Disney World has two sidewalks that tend to move to bring guests between ground level and tensile loads and disassemble stations, where guests step onto other moving streets that are one of several moving sidewalks circular
Theater
The Phantom of the Opera by Andrew Lloyd Webber used a travelator at the number 'The Phantom of the Opera' (acting one, sixth scene), to illuminate Phantom and Christine exploring the catacombs below the Paris Opera House is very far to the Phantom nest in the underground lake.
Public transport
Walking sidewalks are useful for long-distance platforms in underground subway/metro stations, or assist with longer connections between paths, for example:
- London Underground (London): in Waterloo and Bank stations
- Glasgow Subway (Glasgow): from Buchanan Street subway station to Queen Street train station
- MTR (Hong Kong): between Central and Hong Kong station on Hong Kong Island, and between Tsim Sha Tsui and Tsim Sha Tsui East station in Kowloon
- MRT (Singapore): at Bugis station, Dhoby Ghaut, Serangoon, and Botanic Gardens
- New York City Subway (New York): in Court Square station complex
The previous moving road is part of the complex at Spadina subway station in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Installed in 1978, it reduced the travel time required to transfer between platforms in Bloor-Danforth and Yonge-University-Spadina lines. They were removed in 2004 and customers are now required to walk between stations.
Urban area
Hong Kong is one of the most populous cities in the world, and has a public escalator that connects many roads. See: Middle-Level-Level Escalator
Ski
Moving sidewalks known as Magical carpets are also used in ski resorts. Skiers can place their skis on the path, designed to provide a strong grip level. Since the sidewalks are not too steep and slow compared to other air lifts, these sidewalks are used primarily for beginners or for transporting people with short climbs, such as to reach other restaurants or lift stations. Moving lanes can also be found at wheelchair entrances to assist passengers in the boarding process.
Supermarket
Travelers tends to be used by ASDA, Sainsburys, Morrisons, Marks & amp; Spencer and Tesco in the UK, where they are also found in non-supermarket stores such as IKEA and even the Nottingham branch of B & M Bargains. Tesco in Aberystwyth uses six tended travelers (three up, three down in cross-layout) to transport their buyers and trolleys between stores, rooftop car parks and parking lots below the store).
Science fiction
The concept of megalopolis based on high-speed sidewalks is common in science fiction. The first works posted in such sites were "A Story of the Days To Come" (1897) and When The Sleeper Wakes (1899) (also republished as The Sleeper Awakes ), written by HG Wells, which takes place in London's future. Thirty years later, the film dumb
In each of these cases, there is a very large parallel belt network, the inside moving faster. Passengers are filtered out of the wind, and there are seats and even a shop on a belt. In Heinlein's work the fast lane runs at 100 mph (160 km/h), and the first "mechanical road" built in 1960 between Cincinnati and Cleveland. The relative velocity of the two adjacent belts is 5 mph (8 km/h) (in a quick stop lane book, and the second line continues at 95 mph (152 km/h)). In Wells and Asimov work there are more steps on the scale of speed and less extreme speed.
In the novel Arthur C. Clarke, Against the Fall of Night (later rewritten as The City and the Stars ), Megacity of Diaspar is intertwined with a "way of moving" which, such as the Heinlein Belt conveyor, is a solid floor that can mysteriously move as a liquid. On page 11-13 of the novel, Clarke writes,
An engineer from the ancient world would go crazy trying to understand how solid roads could be repaired at both ends while the center moved a hundred miles an hour... The corridor was still inclined upward, and within a few hundred feet had curved through the right-hand corner complete. But only logic knows this: for the senses, it is now as if someone is in a hurry along a really flat corridor. The fact that he is in fact traveling up the vertical axis of thousands of feet in giving Alvin a sense of insecurity, because the failure of the polarizing field is unthinkable.
In his non-fiction book Future Profile , Arthur C. Clarke mentions sidewalk moves but is made of a kind of anisotropic material that can flow in the direction of travel but holds the weight of a person. The liquid will have the advantage of offering a continuous velocity gradient from end to end so there will be no jumps, and just moving from side to side will affect changes in speed.
In Strugatsky's brothers Noon Universe, the world's moving network of roads is one of the first megaprojects to be performed on a newly united Earth before the advent of FTL ships and consequently turning everyone's attention to the star -star. These streets have quasiliving organisms similar to Clarke's description and are used for local transport and non-urgent long-haul transport until their use is blocked by an instant teleportation network.
The animated TV series The Jetsons illustrates the pavement moving everywhere, even in private homes.
Slidewalk
wind slippage is a fictitiously moving sidewalk that is structurally strong enough to support buildings and a large population of tourists. The adjacent slidewalks moving at different speeds can make travelers accelerate at high speed. The term is also used daily for conventional mobile lines.
They were envisioned by science fiction writer H. G. Wells in When Sleeper Wakes . Robert A. Heinlein made them an instrument of social upheaval in the 1940 short story The Roads Must Roll. Isaac Asimov, in his series of Robots, envisioned slidewalks as a potential method of practical transportation of an entire urban population on Earth, with a highway moving up to 60 miles per hour fitted with seating accommodation for long-distance travel, and with slower subsidiaries tracking branches off the main line. Arthur C. Clarke also uses them at The City and the Stars . Larry Niven uses them in Ringworld and Flatlander . The figure of Slidewalks stands out in the animated series "The Jetsons".
See also
References
External links
- Media related to Moving the sidewalks on Wikimedia Commons
- Walkway pushes Paris metro into the future, a BBC article on high-speed travelators at Gare Montparnasse station in Paris. (provided by CNIM)
- Paleofuture: Moving the sidewalk before the Jetsons
- Smart Links - Websites for professionals working with short-distance automatic transport.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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