Baccarat or baccara ( ; French: Ã, [baka? a] ) is a card game that is played in the casino. There are three popular variants of the game: punto banco (or "North American baccarat"), baccarat chemin de fer (or "chemmy"), and baccarat banque (or ÃÆ' deux tableaux ). In Punto banco , each player's movement is forced by the player's shared card. In baccarat chemin de fer and baccarat banque , on the contrary, both players can make a choice. Opportunities win in favor of the bank, with the edge of the house not lower than about 1 percent.
Baccarat is a comparative card game that is played between two hands, "player" and "banker". Each baccarat coup (game round) has three possible outcomes: "player" (player has a higher score), "banker", and "tie".
The origins of the game are disputed, and some sources claim that this is from the 19th century. Other sources claim that the game was introduced to France from Italy at the end of the 15th century by soldiers returning from the French-Italian War during the reign of Charles VIII.
Video Baccarat (card game)
Hand ratings
In baccarat, the card has a point value: cards of two to nine are rated face value (in points); tens, jack, queens and kings have no point value (ie zero); as is worth 1 point; comedian not used. Hands are rewarded according to the rightmost digit of the number of their constituent cards. For example, a hand consisting of 2 and 3 is worth 5, but a hand consisting of 6 and 7 is 3 (ie, 3 being the far right digit in the total combined points of 13). The highest hand value in baccarat is nine.
Maps Baccarat (card game)
Punto banco
Most baccarat casino games in USA, UK, Canada, Australia, Sweden, Finland, and Macau are baccarat "Punto banco" and they can be viewed only as "Baccarat". About 91% of total revenue from Macau casino in 2014 comes from punto banco. At Punto banco, the casino bank of the game at all times, and committed to playing both hands according to the fixed drawing rules, known as "tablo" (French: "boards"), in contrast to the more historic baccarat game in which each hand is linked with individuals who make drawing choices. The player ( punto ) and the Banker ( banco ) are just a name for two hands handled in each coup, two results that can be returned by bettor; The player has no special relationship with the gambler, or the Banker with the house.
In some countries, this game version is known as tablo .
Punto banco is distributed from shoes containing 6 or 8 decks of cards shuffled along with the 8 most commonly used decks. Cut cards - a piece of colored plastic (often yellow), the same size as a regular card, and used in shuffling - is placed in front of the seventh card, and the card image shows the last coup from the shoe. For each coup, two cards are dealt face up (or equivalent) into each hand, starting with "player" and alternating between hands. Applicants may call the total amount (e.g., "Five Players, three Bankers"). If either Player or Banker or both reach a total of 8 or 9 at this stage, the coup is over and the result is announced: Player wins, Banker wins, or series. If both hands do not have eight or nine, the image rule is applied to determine whether the Player should accept a third card. Then, based on the value of the card drawn to the player, the image rule is applied to determine whether the Banker should accept a third card. The coup was then completed, the result was announced, and won the bet paid.
Tableau image rules
If either Player or Banker is not dealt with a total of 8 or 9 in the first two cards (known as "natural"), tablo is consulted, first for Player rules, then Banker's.
- Player rules
- If Player has an initial 0-5 total, he pulls a third card. If the Player has a total of 6 or 7 starts, he stands up.
- Banker rules
- If the Player stands pat (ie, has only two cards), the banker only considers his own hand and acts in accordance with the same rules as Player. That means the Banker pulls a third card with a 0-5 hand and stands by 6 or 7.
If the Player withdraws a third card, the Banker acts in accordance with the following more elaborate rules:
- If the player draws 2 or 3, the Banker pulls with 0-4 and stands with 5-7.
- If Player draws 4 or 5, Banker draws with 0-5 and stands by 6-7.
- If Players draw 6 or 7, Banker pulls with 0-6 and stands by 7.
- If Player pulls the number 8, Banker draws 0-2 and stands with 3-7.
- If the Player drew an ace, a 9, 10, or a face card, the Banker withdraws 0-3 and stands by 4-7.
The casino lists these rules in a more memorable format as follows:
- If the total banker is 2 or less, then the banker withdraws the card, regardless of what the player's third card is.
- If the total banker is 3, then the bank withdraws the third card unless the third card of the player is 8.
- If the total banker is 4, then the bank withdraws the third card if the third card of the player is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
- If the total banker is 5, then the bank withdraws the third card if the third card of the player is 4, 5, 6, or 7.
- If the total banker is 6, then the bank withdraws the third card if the third card of the player is 6 or 7.
- If the total banker is 7, then the banker stands.
The mathematical formula equivalent to the drawing rules is: taking the value of the Player's third card, counting 8 and 9 as -2 and -1. Divide by 2 always round to zero. (So ​​-1, 0, and 1 are all round to zero when this division is complete.) Add three results. If the current Banker total is this final value or less, then the draw; if not, stand up.
The company will handle the cards according to the tableau and the bandar will announce the winner: Player or Banker. The losing bet will be collected and the winning bets will be paid in accordance with the rules of the house. Typically, even money or 1-to-1 will be paid on Players bets and 95% or 19-to-20 on Banker bets (even money with "5% commission to home on victory").
Two bets must be paid on 8-to-1 odds and all bets on the Player or Banker remains in place and active for the next match (the customer may or may not be able to withdraw the bet depending on the casino rules).
House edge details (8 decks)
Casino terms
In the U.S., punto banco is usually played in restricted areas with ropes or private rooms separate from the main game floor. The game is often visited by high rollers, which may bet dozens or hundreds of thousands of dollars on one hand. Minimum bets are relatively high, often starting at $ 100 and rising as high as $ 500. The posted maximum bets are often set according to the player. The Mini-Baccarat table is also available in some smaller casinos, manned by one dealer and located on the main casino floor.
Because baccarat attracts wealthy players, casinos can win or lose millions of dollars a night on the game, and home riches can significantly affect the company's own quarterly profit and loss. Notes about the major baccarat winning effects and losses are often found in quarterly reports of publicly traded gaming companies.
The full version of punto banco baccarat is played on a large round table, similar to the chemin de fer . The table is managed by a bookie, who directs the game, and two dealers who calculate the taxes and collect and pay bets. Six or eight decks of cards are used, usually shuffled only by dealers and dealers. Shoes held by one of the players, who gave the cards on instructions from the bookie according to the tableau. In the Player's victory, the shoe moves either to the highest winner bettor, or to the next person in a clockwise order around the table, depending on the casino convention. Shoes can be turned down or a dealer may be asked to trade. In smaller and lower games, cards are often handled exclusively by casino staff.
Dealing
Dealer burns the first card face up and then based on their respective numerical values, with the As card is worth 1 and the face card is worth 10, the dealer burns many cards face down. Dealers give one card at a time to the first player and based on the casino rules reveal one card at a time or both cards at the same time.
Punto banco opportunity and strategy
Punto banco has some of the lowest house edges in between casino game tables, and some of the highest. Betting Players have an attractive home edge of 1.24% lower, and Banker bets (though 5% commission on winnings) are even lower, at 1.06%. Both are only slightly better for the Player than the possibilities on a single-zero roulette, and are comparable to playing blackjack by intuition rather than the correct strategy.
In contrast, bets on an 8-to-1 pay tie have a 14.4% high house edge. Most casinos in the UK are paying a 9-to-1 tie, resulting in a softer house edge of about 4.85%.
Despite having a low house edge, punto banco is not vulnerable to profit play, and despite the superficial similarity to blackjack, card counting is not profitable. In the 1984 (Thorp 1984) analysis, Thorp concluded that:
[A] dvantages in baccarat are very small, they are very rare and some that occur almost always in the last five to 20 cards in the package.
Punto banco variations
Midi and Mini punto
Smaller versions of common games in a simpler setting. In midi punto, the table is only managed by a single city and is generally smaller. In mini punto, the table is no bigger than the standard blackjack table, and the cards are dealt by the dealer directly from standard shoes. The minimum/maximum table is smaller.
Super 6/Punto 2000
The punto banco variation exists where even money is paid to win the Banker bet (not 95%), except when the Banker wins by 6, is paid only 50% of the bet. This game runs under various names including Super 6 and Punto 2000 . The home edge on Banker bets under Super 6 is 1.46% compared to regular commission baccarat at 1.058%. This is equivalent to increasing the commission by 17.45% to 5.87%. The bank wins by six roughly 5 times every eight shoe decks. As well as home edge improvements, the Super 6 variations are used by casinos for speed, as they are partially distant by counting processes and collecting time-consuming commissions to win Banker bets; but still need to stop the game, tear down any Bank bets, and pay 50% of its value every time there is a winner Bank with six.
EZ Baccarat
The punto banco variation comes from 2004 where the money is paid to win the Banker, except when the Banker wins a total of 7 after the third card is taken, instead Banker presses if it wins. The game has two additional options, Dragon 7 paying 40-to-1 and Panda 8 that pays 25 to 1. The house edge when betting on the Banker is reduced to 1.02 % not 1.06% in punto banco standard.
- Dragon 7Ã,
- The bet on Banker becomes a total of 7 points with three cards withdrawn. Paying 40 to 1 leaves the home edge 7.61%.
- Panda 8Ã,
- The Player bet becomes a total of 8 points with three cards withdrawn. Paying 25-to-1 leaves the home edge 10.19%.
House edge details (8 decks)
Chemin de fer
Chemin de Fer, which first appeared in the late 19th century, is so called because it is faster than the original game, the train (in French, "chemin de fer") at that time is the fastest means of transportation. This is still the most popular version in France.
Six deck cards are used, shuffled together. Players sit in random order, usually around the oval table; the discarded card goes to the center. Play starts at the right side of the city and keeps counterclockwise. At the beginning of the game, the bookie and then all the players shuffle the cards in the order of play. The driver shuffled the last time and the player to his left cut the deck.
After the play begins, one player is designated as a "banker". This player also offers. Another player is a "passenger". The banker's position goes counterclockwise during the game. In every round, the banker is risking the amount he wants to bet. The other players, in order, then declare whether they will "go bank", play against all current banks with matching bets. Only one player can "go to the bank". If no one "goes to the bank", the player keeps the stakes organized. If the total bet of the player is less than the bank, observing the observer can also bet with the number of banks. If the total bet of the player is greater than the bank, the banker may choose to raise the bank to fit; otherwise, excess bets will be removed in reverse order.
The banker handles four closed cards: two for himself and two more owned by the remaining players. Players with the highest individual bets (or first place in the game if tied to the highest bets) are selected to represent the non-banker players group. Bankers and players alike see their cards; if one has eight or nine, this is immediately announced and the hand is turned on and compared. If both hands have no eight or nine, the player has the option of accepting or rejecting a third card; if accepted, it is handled openly. Traditional practice - based on mathematics, is similar to the basic strategy of blackjack, but is further enforced through social sanction by other individuals whose money is at stake - determines that a person always receives a card if a person's total hand is between 0 and 4, inclusive, and always refuses the card if hand a person is 6 or 7. After the player makes a decision, the banker in turn decides to accept or reject another card. Once both the banker and the player's representative have made a decision, the hands are confronted and compared.
If the player's hand exceeds the banker's hand when they are compared, each player bet returns their bet and the appropriate amount of the bank, and the banker's position moves to the next player in the sequence. If the banker's hand exceeds the player's hand, all bets are settled and placed into the bank, and the banker's position has not changed. If there is a tie, the bet remains the same as for the next hand.
If the bankers want to withdraw, the new banker is the first player willing to bet the same amount with the current total bank. If no one wants to bet this amount, the new banker is the next replacement, and the bank resets to whatever the player is willing to bet. Many games have a minimum set amount of banks or bets.
Baccarat Banque
In Baccarat Chemin de Fer, the bank granted only continues as long as bankers win. Once he loses, he passes to another player. In Baccarat Banque, the banker's position is much more permanent. Three packs of cards shuffled together. (The amount is not absolute, sometimes four packs, sometimes only two, are used, but three are more common numbers.) The banker (unless he resigns from his own free will or due to his financial fatigue) holds office until all of these cards has been handled.
The bank was initially set up for auction, which belonged to players who would take the biggest amount of risk. In some quarters, the person who first writes his name on the player list has the right to hold the first bank, risking that amount because he or she may think right.
The right to start ascertained, the banker took his place in the middle of one side of the oval table, the porter facing it, with the wastebasket in between. On both sides bankers are passengers (ten as it is a full table). Everyone else who wants to participate stays, and can only play in terms of amount in the bank for a while is not covered by the players who sit.
The dealer, after shuffling the cards, hands them for the same purpose to the players on his right and left, the banker is entitled to scramble them last, and to choose the person they will cut. Each passenger has made his share, the banker issued three cards, the first to the player on his right, the second for the player to his left, and the third for himself; then three more in the same way. The five passengers on the right (and every observer lurking them) win or lose with the cards that are distributed to that side; the other five with cards dealt to the left side. Rules to come up with eight or nine, offer and accept cards, and so on, just like in Baccarat Chemin de Fer.
Each passenger continues to hold the card for his team as long as he wins or is bound. If he loses, the next hand is distributed to the next player following him in turn.
Each player can "go to the bank", the first claim to do so is the property of the passenger directly to the right of the banker; next to the player to his left, and so on as an alternative in regular order. If two players on the opposite side want to "go to the bank", they go half a share.
A player bank will do it with one hand, in a regular course, or a cheval, ie with two hands separately, half of the bet played in each hand. A player will bank and lose may again go bank, and if he again lost, can go to the bank for the third time, but no further.
A player holding a bank must play one hand, but can retire at any time afterwards. At the time of his retirement, he was bound to declare the amount he retired. It is then open to other players (in rotation order) to resume the bank, starting with the same amount, and handling from the rest of the package, used by its predecessor. The outgoing banker takes the place previously occupied by his successor.
Termination of the bank does not deprive the banker's right to proceed, provided that he has funds to recharge, to an agreed minimum.
If the bet of the passenger exceeds the current amount in the bank, the banker is not liable for the excess amount. In the event of loss, the dealer pays the passenger within the framework of rotation, as long as the funds in the bank will be extended; beyond this, they have no claim. However, bankers may, in such cases, instead rest on their rights, stating that the stakes are accepted, immediately by installing the necessary funds to meet them. In such case the bank becomes limited, and the banker must hold all shares (whatever amount) offered at the next hand, or hand over the bank.
In baccarat law, no code is accepted as authoritative. Different clubs create their own rules.
Macao
David Parlett considers macao as a direct pioneer to baccarat. The name and the rule indicate that it may have been brought by returning sailors from Asia where similar card games have been played since the early seventeenth century such as San zhang, Oicho-Kabu, and Gabo japgi. Macao appeared in Europe at the end of the 18th century and is popular for all classes. His fame led to King Victor-Amadeus III banning him in all his territories in 1788. This was the most popular game at Watier, an exclusive London club, where he caused the destruction of Beau Brummell. The match in the 1926 novel Arthur Schnitzler Night Game ( Spiel im Morgengrauen ) contains instructions for macao under the name baccarat . Its popularity in the United States diminished after the beginning of the 20th century. This game still has followers on the Continent of Europe, especially in Russia.
Macao uses two deck cards shuffled together. The bets place their bets (within agreed limits) against bankers. Initially, one card is distributed clockwise and face down to every player by the banker. The purpose of the passenger is to beat the value of the bank card or risk losing the bet. In the case of a tie, anyone who has the same value with fewer cards wins. The banker wins if there is a bond in the value and number of cards (in early versions, all bets are inactive). Each passenger receiving a natural 9 receives triple the amount of bets provided the banker does not have a reasonable 9 as well. Winning with 8 natural double awards when winning by 7 or under is just the same as a bet. Players may request additional cards handled face up; if it is a ten card or face, they can reject it and ask for another. In earlier versions of this game, it will be more than 9 with additional cards totaling "bust" as in blackjack, the newer version uses modulo 10 arithmetic as in the game below. Beating a banker with a partner only gives an amount equal to the bet. When the deck runs out, the player to the left banker becomes the new banker.
Victoria is a variation of macao where players initially handled two cards. Like macao and baccarat, it was banned in Russia during the 19th century although their rules continue to be printed in game books.
In popular culture
Royal baccarat scandal
Tranby Croft cheated in 1891 and humiliated the socialist lawsuits of William Gordon Cumming, known collectively as the baccarat scandal of the kingdom, due to the involvement of the future King Edward VII, the Prince of Wales, in that incident, inspired a large amount of media interest in the game, bringing Baccarat to public attention in general, with regulations published in the scandalous newspaper accounts. The scandal became the subject of musical hall and stage plays.
James Bond
Baccarat
In the 2006 film adaptation of Casino Royale, baccarat was replaced by Texas hold 'em poker, largely due to the poker boom at the time of filming.
See also
- Line Editing
References
External links
- Baccarat on Curlie (based on DMOZ)
- Household Calculator for various deck counts and commission structure
- Baccarat generates a reasonableness calculator
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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