Tick paralysis is the only tick-borne disease not caused by infectious organisms. The disease is caused by a neurotoxin produced in the lymph nodes of the lice. After prolonged attachment, the enlarged fleas send the toxin to its host. The incidence of tick lice is unknown. Patients may experience severe respiratory distress (similar to anaphylaxis).
Video Tick paralysis
Signs and symptoms
Check the paralysis results from injection of toxins from salivary gland ticks during blood meal. Toxins cause symptoms within 2-7 days, beginning with weakness in both legs that develop into paralysis. Paralysis rises to the torso, arms, and head in a few hours and can cause respiratory failure and death. This disease may appear as acute ataxia without muscle weakness.
Patients may report minor sensory symptoms, such as local numbness, but constitutional signs are usually absent. Inner tendon reflexes are usually decreased or absent, and ophthalmoplegia and bulbar palsy may occur.
Electromyographic studies (EMGs) usually show variable abatement in potential amplitude of compound muscle action, but no abnormalities of recurrent nerve stimulation studies. This appears to be the result of the failure of acetylcholine release at the motor terminal level of the motor nerves. There may be minor abnormalities in the speed of motor neuronal conduction and the potential for sensory action.
Maps Tick paralysis
Pathogenesis
The tick paralysis is believed to be caused by the toxins found in the louse's saliva that enter the bloodstream when the tick feeds. The two most commonly associated bugs with North American flea paralysis are the Rocky Mountain (Dermacentor andersoni) wood flea and American dog fleas (Dermacentor variabilis); However, 43 tick species have been implicated in human disease worldwide. Most cases of flea paralysis in North America occur from April to June, when Dermacentor's adult flees emerge from hibernation and actively seek out occupants. In Australia, the tick paralysis is caused by the tick of Ixodes holocyclus . Prior to 1989, 20 fatal cases were reported in Australia.
Although tick paralysis is of concern to domestic animals and livestock in the United States as well, human cases are rare and usually occur in children under the age of 10.
Flea paralysis occurs when an enlarged and egg-infested female louse produces neurotoxin in its salivary glands and sends it to its host during breastfeeding. Experiments have shown that the largest amount of toxin is produced between the fifth and seventh days of attachment (often initiating or increasing the severity of the symptoms), although the timing may vary depending on the species of tick.
Unlike Lyme's disease, ehrlichiosis, and babesiosis, caused by systemic proliferation and parasitic expansion in its host long after the annoying tick is lost, flea's paralysis is chemically caused by ticks and therefore usually only continues in its presence. Once the ticks are removed, symptoms usually decrease rapidly. However, in some cases, deep paralysis can develop and even become fatal before a person becomes aware of the presence of the lice.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on symptoms and after finding an embedded louse, usually on the scalp.
In the absence of a check mark, the differential diagnosis includes Guillain-Barrà © Å © syndrome. The early signs of tick poisoning can be animal sound changes, weakness in the back legs or vomiting.
Treatment
The annoying deletion of ticks usually results in resolution of symptoms within hours to days. If ticks are not removed, toxins can be fatal, with reported death rates of 10-12 percent, usually due to respiratory paralysis. Centek is best removed by grasping it as close to the skin as possible and pulling it firmly. Because the toxin is located in the lymph nodes of the lice, care should be taken to remove all ticks (including the head), or symptoms may persist.
It is important to note that, unlike other tick-species toxins, Ixodes holocyclus (Australian Paralysis Tick) toxin may still be fatal even if ticks are removed.
Food and water can worsen animal results, because toxins can prevent animals from ingesting properly. If you find a check mark on your animal, immediately remove it and ask for veterinary help if it shows signs of illness. Flea can be placed in a sealed plastic bag and taken to the vet for identification.
Prevention
No human vaccine is currently available for any transmitted disease, except tick-borne encephalitis. Therefore, individuals should take precautions when entering the area full of ticks, especially in spring and summer. Precautions include avoiding overgrown paths, wearing light-colored clothing that allows one to see ticks more easily, and wear trousers and closed shoes. Ticks â € <â €
Research
Although several attempts have been made to isolate and identify neurotoxins since the first isolation in 1966, the exact structure of the toxin has not been published. The protein fraction 40-80 kDa contains toxins.
Media
In a TV show, Hart of Dixie, Season 1, Episode 2, a patient was diagnosed with a lice paralysis that had been deer hunting.
On TV show, Emergency!, Season 5, Episode 4, "Equipment" (first aired October 4, 1975), Dr. Joe Early diagnosed a boy who fell from a tree with lice paralysis, after removing polio as a cause.
In the TV show House MD, Episode 16, the second season, Dr. House diagnosed a patient (played by Michelle Trachtenberg) with lice paralysis.
In the TV show, "Remedy", Season 1 Episode 7, "Tomorrow, Green Grass", Rebecca was diagnosed with lice paralysis.
In the TV show, "Royal Pains", Season 1 Episode 3, "Strategic Planning", a teenage boy The US Senator was diagnosed with paralysis paralysis.
In the TV show, "Chicago Med", Season 3, Episode 5, "Mountains and Molehills", a young girl returning from Australia with an increased paralysis was diagnosed with lice paralysis.
See also
- Polineuropathy in dogs and cats for flea paralysis in dogs
- tick-borne disease
References
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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