Warehouse is a commercial building for storage of goods. Warehouse is used by manufacturers, importers, exporters, wholesalers, business of transport, customs, etc. They are usually large ordinary buildings in industrial parks on the outskirts of towns, cities or villages.
They usually have a loading dock to load and unload items from trucks. Sometimes the warehouse is designed for loading and unloading of goods directly from trains, airports, or seaports. They often have cranes and forklifts to move items, which are usually placed on a standard ISO pallet loaded onto a pallet rack. Stored goods may include raw materials, packing materials, parts, components, or finished goods related to agriculture, manufacturing and production. In India, the warehouse can be called a warehouse.
Video Warehouse
History
The origin of the warehouse is difficult to determine. Early civilizations rely on storage holes rather than large structures to protect seeds and surplus food. Sociologists such as Alain Testart argue that this early storage technique is essential for the evolution of society.
Some of the earliest examples of warehouses resembling today's buildings are the Roman horreas. It is a rectangular building, made of stone, with a raised ground floor and jutted into the roof to keep the walls cool and dry. Roman horrea is usually used to store grains, but other ingredients such as olive oil, wine, clothing and even marble are also stored in it.
Although horrea was built throughout the Roman empire, some of the most studied examples are found in or around Rome, especially in Ostia, a port city serving ancient Rome. The Horrea Galbae, a warehouse complex in the southern part of ancient Rome, shows that these buildings can be substantial, even by modern standards. The horrea complex contains 140 rooms on the ground floor only, an area of ​​approximately 225,000 square feet (21,000 m²). As a point of reference, less than half of today's US warehouses are larger than 100,000 square feet (9290 m²).
As evidenced by the law on levy charges, medieval merchants in Europe typically store goods in domestic warehouses, often on the ground floor or one or more underground floors. However, special warehouses can be found around ports and other commercial centers to facilitate foreign trade. Examples of these buildings include the Venetian fondaci, which combines palaces, warehouses, markets, and residences for tourist lodgings. A number of medieval repository warehouses can also be seen in King's Lynn, England, where complexes of buildings, including dwellings, shops, counting houses, and warehouses, once served the Hanseatic League.
During the industrial revolution, the function of the warehouse evolved and became more specialized. Several warehouses from that period were even considered to be very architecturally significant, like the Manchester cotton warehouse. Always built in functionality, in the last few decades they have adapted to mechanization, technological innovation and change in supply chain methods.
Maps Warehouse
Function
Historically, warehouses were a dominant part of the urban landscape since the commencement of the Industrial Revolution up to the 19th century and into the 20th century. Buildings are fixed when their original usage has changed. There are four types of warehouses that can be identified. The cotton industry increases with warehouse development, and the five types are represented in Manchester in the UK. The warehouses of the time in Manchester were often lavishly decorated, but the modern warehouses were more functional.
The warehouse allows the optimization of transport along the supply chain, and allows the company to work with an optimal inventory (economic order quantity) related to service quality. For example, at the terminal point of the transportation system, it is necessary to keep inventory until full load can be transported. The warehouse can also be used to store items unloaded from the ship.
In industries whose goods require a period of maturation between production and retail, such as viniculture and cheesemaking, warehouses can be used to store large quantities of goods.
Display items for sale
These items are shown for home trading. It will be a finished item - like a cotton blouse or the latest fashion item. The front of their street is very impressive, so they take the Italian Palazzos style.
The construction of Richard Cobden at Manchester's Mosley Street was the first palazzo warehouse. There were already seven warehouses on Portland Street when they started building the elaborate Watt Warehouse in 1855, but four more opened before it was completed. This type of warehouse is what inspired the Germans in DÃÆ'¼sseldorf and Munich to name their prestigious department store WarenhÃÆ'¤user .
Overseas warehouse
This is for foreign trade. They are a meeting place for overseas wholesale buyers where print and plain can be discussed and ordered. The fabric trade in Manchester is done by many countries.
Behrens Warehouse is on the corner of Oxford Street and Portland Street. Built for Louis Behrens & amp; His son by P Nunn in 1860. It is a red-dominated four-story brick building with 23 bays along Portland Street and 9 along Oxford Street. The Behrens are prominent in banking and in the social life of the German Community in Manchester.
Packaging warehouse
The main purpose of packing warehouses is picking, checking, labeling, and packing items for export. Packing warehouses: Asian Houses, Indian Houses, and Velvet House along Whitworth Street in Manchester are some of the tallest buildings of their day.
Railway warehouse
The warehouses are built close to the big stations in the train centers. The first railway shed to be built is across from the passenger platforms at Liverpool and Manchester Railway terminals. There is a large group of warehouses around London Road station (now the Piccadilly station). In 1890 the Great Northern Railway Company warehouse was completed at Deansgate: this is the last large railway shed to be built.
The London Warehouse Picadilly is one of four warehouses built by Manchester, Sheffield and the Lincolnshire Railway in about 1865 to serve the new London Road Station. It has its own branch to the Ashton Canal. This warehouse is built of bricks with stone detail. It's cast iron column with wrought iron beams.
Channel warehouse
All these types of warehouses can trace their origin back to the canal warehouse used for shipping and storage. The warehouses at Castlefield are of this type - and important because they were built at the end of the Bridgewater Canal in 1761.
Storage and delivery system
Some of the most common storage systems are:
- Pallet racking includes selective, drive-in, drive-thru, double-deep, pushback, and gravity flow
- Cantilever cantilever uses a weapon, rather than a palette, to store a long thin object such as wood.
- Mezzanine adds a semi-permanent storage in the warehouse
- Vertical Lift Modules are systems that are packaged with vertically arranged trays stored on both sides of the unit.
- Horizontal Carousel consists of frames and trash drive.
- Vertical Carousel made up of a series of introductions mounted on a vertical closed-loop passage, inside a metal enclosure.
A "pick piece" is a type of order selection process in which a product is taken and handled in an individual unit and placed in an outer carton, tote or other container before shipment. Internet catalog and retailer companies are examples of mostly selected operations. Their customers rarely order in the number of pallets or boxes; instead, they usually only order one or two pieces of one or two items. Some elements form a pick-piece system. They include order, picker, pick module, pick area, handling equipment, container, pick method used and information technology used. Every movement in the warehouse must be accompanied by a work order. Warehouse operations can fail when a worker moves goods without a work order, or when a storage position is left unlisted in the system.
Material direction and tracking in the warehouse can be coordinated by Warehouse Management System (WMS), a database-based computer program. Logistics personnel use WMS to improve the efficiency of the warehouse by directing the track and to maintain accurate inventory by recording warehouse transactions.
Automation and optimization
Some warehouses are fully automated, and require only the operator to work and handle all tasks. Pallets and products move on automatic conveyor systems, automatic cranes and storage and retrieval systems coordinated by programmable logic controllers and computers running logistics automation software. These systems are often installed in refrigerated warehouses where temperatures are kept so cold that the product is not damaged. This is especially true in electronic warehouses that require a certain temperature to avoid damage. Automation is also common where land is expensive, since automated storage systems can use vertical space efficiently. This high-bay storage area is often over 10 meters (33 feet) tall, with some more than 20 meters (65 feet) tall. Automatic storage systems can be built up to 40m high.
In order for the warehouse to function efficiently, the facility must be properly placed . Slotting addresses are product storage media taken from (pallet rack or carton flow), and how they are picked (pick-to-light, pick-to-voice, or pick-to-paper). With the right placement plan, the warehouse can improve its inventory rotation requirements - such as first in, first out (FIFO) and last incoming, first out (LIFO) - controlling labor costs and increasing productivity.
Pallet racks are usually used to arrange warehouses. It is important to know the dimensions of racking and the number of bays required as well as the dimensions of the product to be stored. Permission must be taken into account if using a forklift or pallet drive to move stock.
Recent trends
Modern warehouses generally use a wide rack system to store items that can be loaded and unloaded using forklift trucks.
Traditional warehousing has declined since the last decade of the 20th century, with the introduction of the technique of Just In Time gradually. The JIT system promotes the delivery of products directly from suppliers to consumers without the use of warehouses. However, with the gradual implementation of offshore outsourcing and offshoring around the same time period, the distance between manufacturers and retailers (or manufacturers of industrial parts and factories) is growing rapidly in many domains, necessitating at least one warehouse per country or region within a typical supply chain for certain products.
Recent retail trends have led to the development of warehouse-style retail stores. These high ceiling buildings feature retail items on high and heavy-duty industrial shelves rather than conventional retail shelves. Typically, ready-to-sell items are at the bottom of the shelf, and inventory is locked up or made on the shelf. Basically, the same building serves as a warehouse and a retail store.
Other trends are related to vendor managed inventory (VMI). This gives control vendors to maintain storefront stock levels. This method has its own problems that vendors gain access to the warehouse.
Large exporters and producers use warehouses as distribution points to develop retail outlets in certain regions or countries. This concept reduces the final cost to the consumer and increases the production sales ratio.
Cross docking is a special type of distribution center (DC) that has little or no inventory stored and products received, processed (if required) and shipped in a short period of time. As in warehousing, there are different types of crossbar.
Reverse logistics is another type of warehousing that has become popular for environmental reasons. This term refers to goods originating from end users back to distributors or manufacturers.
Cool storage and cold storage
Cold storage retains agricultural products. Refrigerated storage helps in eliminating growing, decaying and insect damage. Edible products are generally not stored for more than one year. Some perishable products require storage temperatures as low as -25 ° C.
Cold storage helps to stabilize market prices and evenly distributes goods on demand and time. Farmers get the opportunity to produce commercial crops to get a favorable price. Consumers get the supply of perishable commodities with lower price fluctuations.
Ammonia and Freon compressors are commonly used in cold storage warehouses to maintain temperatures. Refrigerant ammonia is cheaper, readily available and has high latent heat from evaporation but is also highly toxic and can form explosive mixtures when mixed with oils that contain high percentages of carbon. Isolation is also important, to reduce cold loss and keep different parts of the warehouse at different temperatures.
There are two main types of cooling systems used in cold storage warehouses, vapor absorption systems (VAS) and vapor compression systems (VCS). VAS, although relatively more expensive, is quite economical in operations and adequately compensates for higher initial investment.
The temperature required for preservation depends on the required storage time and the type of product. In general, there are three groups of products, live foods (eg fruits and vegetables), food that is no longer alive and has been processed in some form (eg meat and fish products), and commodities that benefit from temperature controlled storage (eg beer, tobacco).
Location is a very important aspect for cold storage success. It should be near a growing area as well as a market, easily accessible for heavy vehicles, and has an uninterrupted power supply.
Cold and legal storage
There are state and local laws governing the cold storage industry, which require safe working conditions for employees, and operational procedures must be in accordance with this law. Companies that are aware of and comply with applicable regulations are more likely to pass inspections, avoid infringement notices, and will continue to operate at full capacity, ensuring greater customer service and uninterrupted product flow.
Education
There are several non-profit organizations that focus on instilling knowledge, education and research in warehouse management and its role in the supply chain industry. Board of Education and Warehousing Research (WERC) and International Warehouse Logistics Association (IWLA) in Illinois, United States. They provide professional certification and continue education programs for industries in the country. The Australian College of Training has a government-funded program to provide personal development and advanced training in II - V (warehousing) warehousing certificates, they operate in Western Australia online and face to face, or broad Australia for online courses only.
See also
References
Further reading
-
(2014). warehouse - Layout Planning and Feeding Methods Section . Yes Dee Publishing Pvt Ltd. ISBNÃ, 9789380381381. Ã, - Bale Story ... Manchester: Lloyd's Packing Warehouses Ltd, Princess Street, 1926
External links
- "Warehouse Analysis for Astute Logisticians" - Smart Conference 2011
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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