At the time of the American Civil War, Canada did not exist as a federation state. In contrast, the North American English consists of the Canadian Province (southern Ontario and southern southern Quebec) and separate colonies of Newfoundland, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, British Columbia and Vancouver Island, as well as territories administered by the Hudson Bay Company called Rupert's Land. Britain and its colonies were officially neutral during the war. Nevertheless, tensions between the UK and the United States are high due to incidents at sea, such as the Trent Affair and Confederate commissioning of CSS Alabama from the UK.
The Canadians are largely opposed to slavery, preservation which is the main goal of the Confederation of States, and Canada has recently become the end of the Underground Railroad. Close economic and cultural ties along long frontiers also encourage Canadian sympathy for the Union. Between 33,000 and 55,000 people from Great Britain North America registered in the war, almost all fighting for Union forces. The press in Eastern Canada supported secession and laughed at the Yankees for lack of morality. There were talks in London in 1861-62 on mediation of war or Confederate recognition. Washington warned of the war in question, and London fears Canada will soon be captured by North Korea.
Video Canada in the American Civil War
Trent Affair
In November 1861 tensions mounted between Washington and London when an American warship stopped the British ship RMSÃ, trent on the high seas and arrested two Confederate diplomats, James Mason and John Slidell. London demanded their return and apology, and to signal his intention to retain ownership of sending 14,000 combat troops to Canada and the Maritimes, while the colonials planned to raise 40,000 militia. President Abraham Lincoln spread the crisis by releasing diplomats; he did not issue an apology. He warned his Foreign Minister William H. Seward, "One war at a time." Britain decided that the unification of the North American colonies was now a top priority - a powerful new power would free London from the need to put Britain's large army to defend British North America.
Maps Canada in the American Civil War
Grand Trunk Railway Brigade
Rising concerns over railroad safety in Canada while Civil War rampage in the United States led to the creation of the 1862 Grand Trunk Railway Brigade. The Canadian volunteer militia unit recruited among railroad employees has an infantry and artillery company stationed along the railway lines in Eastern Canada and Western Canada.
Confederation Activities in Canada
Due to Canada's location and sympathy for the Southern cause, Confederate operators secretly use Canada as a base, violating British neutrality, particularly in the Maritimes. The Maritimes struggle to defend its independence from Canada caused some Maritime citizens to sympathize with the South's desire to defend its independence from the North. For example, Halifax merchant Benjamin Wier (1805-1868) acted as a Halifax agent for many of the Confederate blockade runners who were active during the Civil War. In return for a vessel repair facility in Halifax, the Confederation gave him valuable cotton to re-export to England, a lucrative but dangerous course for Wier who required to cut his business relationship with New England.
Chesapeake
On December 7, 1863, when the new Union tug Chesapeake was preparing for the service at the Southern Atlantic Block Squadron, 17 Confederate agents disguised as passengers who captured him at Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The takeover word reached Portland on the morning of December 9 and quickly spread from there. The news prompted federal officials in the northern port along the coast to act quickly.
On December 17th, the recently captured blockade runner - Ella and Annie - who had been hastily manned, armed and sent into the sea - was finally caught with the Chesapeake at Sambro, Nova Scotia. Soon, the North warship Dacotah arrived at the scene; and his commander prevented Ella and Annie from taking back the pull back to Boston, do not let such an act seriously damage the relationship between the United States and the United Kingdom. Instead, to observe the diplomatic protocol, he escorted the Chesapeake to Halifax where he asked the colonial Admiralty court to return it to its owner. The court ruled that the Confederate attack was illegal and restored the SS Chesapeake to the owner of the Unity but the Confederate sympathizers fled with the help of some Halonians, creating tensions that received international attention.
CSS Tallahassee
On 18 August 1864, the confederate ship of CSSÃ, Tallahassee under John Taylor Wood's command sailed to Halifax port for supplies, coal and to make repairs to its main mast. Wood can only last 48 hours under the law of neutrality and start loading coal at Woodside, on the coast of Dartmouth. Two Union ships are approaching Tallahassee Nansemont and Huron but have not arrived at the harbor approaching. Wood sneaks out of the harbor under the shade of the night. It is believed he departed by a rarely used Eastern Passage between McNab's Island and Dartmouth Shore to avoid Union warships if they arrived. The channel was narrow and bent with shallow water so Wood hired local pilot Jock Flemming. The Tallahassee left Woodside dock at 9:00 pm. on the 19th. All the lights went out, but the inhabitants of the Eastern Passage land could see dark stomachs moving through the water, successfully avoiding capture.
St. Albans Raid
The most controversial incident was St Albans Raid. Montreal is used as a secret hub for Confederate teams seeking to launch covert and secret operations from Canada against the United States. To finance their struggle in October 1864, they robbed three banks in St. Petersburg. Albans, Vermont, killed a citizen, and fled across the border with $ 170,000. They were chased by Union forces on the Canadian-US border, creating an international incident. Canada subsequently captured the Confederate invaders, but the judge decided the attack was an official operation of the Confederate government and not a crime that would allow extradition through the Webster-Ashburton Treaty.
Canadian fighter
The latest best estimate is between 33,000 and 55,000 men from the British North America (BNA) who served in the Union army, and several hundred Confederate soldiers. Many of them already live in the United States and join volunteers registered in Canada by United recruiters.
Canada refuses to return about 15,000 American deserters and conscripts.
Calixa LavallÃÆ'Â © e was a French-Canadian musician and Union officer during the American Civil War which later composed music for "O Canada", officially became the Canadian national anthem in 1980. In 1857, he moved to the United States and lived in Rhode Island where he enrolled in the Fourth Rhode Island Volunteers of Union soldiers during the American Civil War, reached the rank of lieutenant.
Canadian-born Edward P. Doherty was an Army Union officer who formed and led a Union Union detachment that captured and killed John Wilkes Booth, the Lincoln killer, in a Virginia barn on April 26, 1865, 12 days after Lincoln's fatal shooting.
Canadian-born Sarah Emma Edmonds is the spy of the National Assembly.
One of the longest living Canadians who ever fought in the American Civil War was James Beach Moore, who died on August 29, 1931.
Anderson Ruffin Abbott is a son of Toronto-born colorless people who fled to Alabama after the store was ransacked. Canada's first black doctor, he applied as an assistant surgeon at the Union Army in February 1863, but his offer was clearly not accepted. In April, he applied to become a "medical cadet" in the United States Colored Army, but was eventually accepted as a civilian surgeon under contract. He served in Washington, D.C., from June 1863 to August 1865, first at the Contraband Hospital which became the Freedmen Hospital. He then went to a hospital in Arlington, Virginia. Receiving much praise and becoming popular in Washington society, Abbott was one of only 13 black surgeons on duty in the Civil War, a fact that fostered a friendly relationship between him and the president. On the night of Lincoln's murder, Abbott escorted Elizabeth Keckley to Petersen's House and returned to his inn that night. After Lincoln's death, Mary Todd Lincoln presented Abbott with a checkered scarf worn by Lincoln for his inauguration in 1861.
At least 29 Canadian-born men were awarded the Medal of Honor.
Economic effects
The Civil War period was one of the booming economic growths for the BNA colony. The war in the United States created a huge market for Canadian agricultural and manufacturing goods, most of which went to Union. Builders and owners of maritime boats prospered in wartime trade booms.
Political effects
The American Civil War had a decisive political effect on the BNA colonies. The tension between the United States and Britain, which had been ignited by war and exacerbated by the Fenian Attacks, caused concerns about the security and independence of the colonies, helped consolidate the momentum for the confederation of the colony in 1867.
In this case, conflict also has an important effect on the discussion of the nature of the emerging federation. Many Confederate Fathers concluded that the separatist war was caused by too much power being given to the states, and thus decided to create a more centralized federation. It is also believed that too much democracy is a contributing factor and the Canadian system is supplemented by checks and balances such as the designated Senate and the power of the appointed British Governor-General. The guiding principles of the law that created Canada - the North American Law of Britain - are peace, order and good governance. This is a collectivist antithesis against American individualism that is central to Canadian identity.
See also
- The military history of Nova Scotia
- Great Britain in the American Civil War
- Bahamas in the American Civil War
- France in the American Civil War
- Foreign registration in the American Civil War
References
Bibliography
External links
- Canadian Civil War Association
- "American Civil War" The Canadian Encyclopedia .
- Canadians in the American Civil War
- Franco-American
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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