Bowling , in cricket, is the action of pushing the ball towards the goal defended by a batsman. The skilled player in the bowling is called bowler; a bowler who is also a competent batsman is known as an all-rounder. Bowling balls are distinguished from throwing balls with strictly defined biomechanical definitions, which limit the angle of elbow extension. One ball bowling action towards the batsman is called ball or submission . Bowlers bowl delivery in six sets, called over . After a bowling bow player, a teammate will be silenced from the other end of the field. The Laws of Cricket governs how a ball should be silenced. If a ball is illegally embezzled, a referee will rule him as a no-ball. If a ball slips too wide from the striker for the batsman to be able to play with the right cricket shot, the final bowler referee will rule him wide.
There are different types of bowlers, from fast bowlers , whose main weapon is speed, through swing and seam bowlers who try to make the ball deviate in its path through the air or as it soars, into slow bowlers, who will try to cheat batsmen with various flights and spins. A spin bowler usually delivers the ball slowly enough and puts a spin on the ball, causing it to change at an angle as it bounces off the field.
Video Bowling (cricket)
Sejarah bowling
In the early days of cricket, bowling underarm was the only method used. Many theories about the origin of crickets. One shows that the game begins among the shepherds who hit rock or wool ball with their villain and, at the same time, defend the goal gate to the sheepfold (from Anglo Saxon 'cricce', crooked staff). The second theory shows the name comes from a low stool known as the 'cricket' in England, which from the side looks like a long, low wicket used in the early days of the game (derived from the 'krickstoel' Flemish, low bench where parishioners kneel in church ). There were also references to the 'criquet' in North-East France in 1478 and evidence that the game evolved in South-East England in the Middle Ages.
In 1706 William Goldwyn published the first description of the game. He writes that the two teams were first seen carrying their arched bat to the spot, picking pitch and arguing about the rules to be played. They put up two sets of wickets, each with a "milk-white" guarantee perch on two stumps; throwing coins for the first beat, the referee called "play" and "leathern ball" mesmerized. They have four ball overs, referees leaning on their sticks (the batter must touch to finish the run), and the printers sit on the mound making a notch.
The "Cricket Law" written first was made in 1744. They declared, "the principals will choose from among those present two referees who will actually decide all disputes.The stump should be 22 inches tall and the guarantee on it six inch Ball should be between 5 & 6 ounces, and two sets of stumps 22 meters apart ". There is no limit on the shape or size of bats. Apparently 40 notches are seen as very big scores, probably because the bowlers skied fast on the shins without a shield. The world's first cricket club was formed at Hambledon in the 1760s and Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) was founded in 1787.
During the 1760s and 1770s it became common to throw the ball through the air, rather than rolling it on the ground. This innovation gives the bowler a long gun, fraud by air, and speed improvement. It also opens up new possibilities for turning and turning. In response, the batter must master the timing and shooting. One immediate consequence is the replacement of a curved bat with a straight one. All of this enhances premium skills and reduces the impact of rough and violent soil. It was in the 1770s that modern games began to take shape. The ball's weight is limited to between five and a half and five and three quarters of an ounce, and the bat's width of up to four inches. The final verdict follows the innings by a dough called Thomas "Daddy" White, who appears with a wide bats wicket. In 1774, the first leg before the law was published. Also around this time, the third stump becomes commonplace. In 1780, the duration of the important game was generally three days, and this year also witnessed the creation of the first six-stitch cricket ball. In 1788, the MCC issued the first revision of the law, which prohibited charging down opponents and also provided for cutting and covering the goal to standardize conditions. The desire for standardization reflects a major increase in the popularity of cricket during the 18th century. Between 1730 and 1740, 150 cricket matches were recorded in the newspapers at the time. Between 1750 and 1760, this number rose to 230, and between 1770 and 1790 over 500.
The 19th century underwent a series of significant changes. Broad shipments were banned in 1811. The ball circle was set for the first time in 1838 (the weight had been determined 60 years earlier). Pads, made from cork, became available for the first time in 1841, and this was further developed following the discovery of vulcanised rubber, which was also used to introduce protective gloves in 1848. In the 1870s, boundaries were introduced - before, all hit must be executed; If the ball goes into the crowd, the audience will clear the way for the artisan to pick it up. However, the biggest change is on how the ball is delivered by a bowler.
At the beginning of this century, all bowlers still send the ball down the arm. John Willes became the first bowler to use the round-arm technique after practicing with his sister Christina, who has used this technique, because she can not darken the armpits because her wide dress is blocking her delivery. ball.
The arm-rolling action was widely used in matches but quickly set up to be illegal and prohibited by the MCC, stating that "the ball must be handed under the hand, not thrown or jerked, with the hand under the elbow at that time. When accepted, the rules state that the arm can not be lifted above the shoulders. However, it was quickly discovered that the raised arm gave more accuracy and generated more reflection than the roundarm method. Again, the governing body prohibits the method. It was not until the method was finally accepted by MCC in 1835 which grew rapidly in popularity among all players. The bowling skill until now almost disappears from the game.
Modern underarm bowling
A famous "armpit aerial" incident occurred during the match in 1981, where the Australian bowler Trevor Chappell took advantage of the fact that underarm bowling was still valid by rolling the ball on the ground. By doing so he avoids the possibility that New Zealand's batsman, Brian McKechnie, will score six of the last ball to tie the match, because the batter will not be able to hit the ball high enough to score six.
As a result of this incident, the bowling armpit then becomes illegal at all levels of cricket, except with the prior approval of both teams, as it is not considered to be in the spirit of the game.
Maps Bowling (cricket)
Action bowling
Bowling balls are distinguished from just throwing balls with specially-defined biomechanical definitions.
Initially, this definition says that the elbow joint does not have to align during the bowling action. Bowlers generally hold their elbows fully extended and twist the arms vertically about the shoulder joints to give speed to the ball, releasing it near the top of the bow. Flexion on the elbow is not allowed, but elongation is considered to be a throw and will tend to be called without the ball. This is considered only possible if the bowler elbow is initially held in a slightly bent position.
In 2005, this definition was deemed impossible physically by the scientific investigative commission. Biomechanical studies that show that almost all bowlers extend their elbows somewhat across the bowling action, as stress swings arms around the hyperextends of the elbow joint. A guideline was introduced to allow extensions or hyperextensions from angles of up to 15 degrees before assuming the ball was thrown illegally.
The truancy action is usually divided into actions on and ahead in . On the action side, the rear leg landed parallel to the bowling folds and the bowler aimed at the goal by looking over his front shoulder. Up front on the action, the back leg ground leads down the field and the bowler leads to the goal by looking into the line from his forearm. Many bowlers operate with a middle-of-the-line stroke with a rear-foot landing at about 45 degrees and the top of the body is aligned somewhere between the front and front. This is not to be confused with the action of mixed , which mixes different elements of both sides and the action up front, and is generally not recommended among young bowlers as it may cause problems later on because it spins the back inherent in action.
Destination bowling
In the cricket game, the main priority of the field side is to limit the total number of scores printed by the batting side, and the actions of the bowler players will be very important to achieve this goal. The main way to achieve this is to dismiss the batting side by getting all ten opposition goalkeepers as quickly as possible. The second goal is to keep the running speed as low as possible. In fact, in most forms of cricket, the twin goals from the field side are targeted simultaneously, since the achievement of a single goal tends to have a positive effect on the other. Taking the regular opposition goalkeeper will remove the better batsmen from the crease, usually leading to a deceleration in the scoring numbers. Conversely, slowing the rating can put additional pressure on the batsmen and force them to take extra risks, which will often lead to wicket.
Depending on the format of the match, these two strategies will be assigned different weights. In a limited game, timed or declaration, the main purpose of a bowling attack is to take a wicket, so attacking the bowling and agile strategy will be used. In limited limited matches, this goal will also be equipped with a secondary need to prevent the side from hitting the score quickly, so more survival strategies will be used. In general, the shorter the number of overs per side, the more priority will be given to this secondary target to keep the run rate low. It is also very likely that the need for an attacking or defensive strategy can often change when a cricket match takes place. This is a good sign of a cricket captain to be able to tell which strategy is most appropriate in all situations and how best to implement it.
Bowling Tactics
The simultaneous goal of twin bowling is to pick up a wicket and prevent scoring chances. Both goals are achieved through the underlying goal of bowling the ball in such a way that the batsman can not connect with the ball in the middle of the bat and control its movement after the contact. There are three different ways to accomplish this goal: by bowling the ball on a good bob and line , with a bowling at enough batsman's speed to react to the delivery, or by bowling the ball in such a way that it has lateral movement when approaching the batsman, either in the air or outside the ground. A good bowler may be able to combine two of these skills, a really great bowler can combine all three. Lines and lengths
Basic bowling skills at a good length combine the ability to throw a ball like the distance from a batsman that he can not move forward and move the ball at half volley, and also can not step back and play ball on the back foot. This eliminates many batsman attack options, and also increases the likelihood that he misjudged the delivery and lost his goal. A good long delivery is one in which the ball has had enough time to move far enough from the field to defeat the bat but the batsman has not had time to react to the movement and adjust his shot. The faster the bowler and the greater the motion he can generate, the greater the pitch area that can be determined as an effective "good" length.
Other areas of pitch may also often be used as variations for good long delivery. Especially this is a yorker, where the ball is thrown directly at the foot of the batsman as surprise deliveries are meant to ignore an enchanted batsman, and a bouncer in which the ball is thrown on a short length that rises to the batsman's throat or head as a means of physical intimidation. But the height of the yorker being tried or the full throw should not be higher than the waistband of the batsman, or else it would be called a beamer without the ball, which could have been bowlers banned from the match.
The selected line of the bowler for the bowl will depend on several factors: the movement he produces on the ball, the shot that can be played batsman, and the field determined by the captain. The two most common tactics are to punch directly in stumps, or to bowls 3 inches to 6 inches outside the stump line. Bowling in stumps is a tactic of attacking with the intention of expelling the enchanting batsman or lbw. It can also be used as defensive tactics, as batsman will feel less capable of playing risky shots by knowing that he will be dismissed if he loses the ball. Bowling outside the stump is known as the uncertainty corridor . When done well, this line can confuse the batsman whether to retain the ball or leave it, and may tempt him to play away from his body with a head that is not in line with the ball. The main purpose of this tactic is to get rid of the batman caught by the goalkeeper or on slip. Other bowling variations, such as the wide bowling of stumps or bowling on leg stumps are generally seen as negative and defensive tactics.
Several different types of bowling tactics:
- Body Framework
- Leg theory
- Inactive theory
Speed ​​and motion
In addition to the ability to land the ball on strategically optimized lines and lengths, the main weapon of the bowler is its ability to move the ball sideways as it approaches the batsman and its ability to deliver the ball at high speed.
Speed ​​cricket bowlers vary between 40 and 100 mph (64 and 161 km/h). In professional cricket, a bowler in the 40-60 mph range will be said to be a slow bowler, in the 60-80 mph range with a medium-speed bowler, and a bowler 80 mph bowler fast. In this amateur game, this difference will be about 10 mph slower. Many professional fast bowlers can reach speeds of over 85 mph, with some bowlers in the world capable of bowls at 95 mph. The ability to react to cricket balls traveling at 85 mph is a skill that only professional and high-profile amateurs have. The bowler rate not only challenges the speed of the batsman's reaction, but also his physical courage. Bowlers can quickly utilize this with bowling bouncers, either on a regular basis or as occasional surprise deliveries.
Bowlers can also make the ball move sideways by using spin or swing . Adding a spin to a cricket ball will make it diverge because of the Magnus effect in its flight, and then produce a sideways motion from the ground. The swing is obtained by using a different air pressure caused by the fishing of the ball of cricket to produce lateral movement in the air. The fast bowler will generally only use swings to gain movement, but the medium speed and slow bowler often use a combination of both. The goal is that in creating movement in delivery, the batsman will misjudge the ball line as the ball arrives, causing him to lose entirely, in which case he may be fired or missed, or missed, in which case he may be caught.
To prevent unpredictability, a bowler will usually throw a variety of different shipments with different speed and movement combinations. An ingenious tactical bowler may be able to spot a potential weakness on the batsman that can be exploited by a particular delivery. Bowlers will often also roll shipping on pre-planned sets, with the intention to fire the batsman with final delivery in the set. This is known as a "trick setting" for the batsman. Batsmen and bowlers are often involved in "cat and mouse" games, where the bowler varies his tactics to try and trap and fire the batsman, but the batsman also keeps adjusting his tactics in response.
Limited benefits
In the limited cricket, there is a limit on the amount of excess bowl bowls. This amount depends on the length of the game, and usually 20% of the total overs in the round. For example, the usual limit for twenty cricket is four overs per bowler, for forty eight cricketers per bowler and for fifty cricket ten per bowler. However, there is no limit on the number of overs each bowler can bowl in a first-class cricket match, except that no two overs can be enthralled in a row so as to limit each bowler from a maximum of 50% (plus 1 more) from each round total. The rules also apply in the case of rest in inning Test (Drink, Lunch and Tea Break, end of day and start of next day). Rules can only be broken if one finishes the end of the previous game start the next game.
See also
- Glossary of cricket terms
- Throwing
- The bowling machine
- Fielding
- Batting
- More than
- Pitch - throw a baseball
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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